They Fought Alone: The True Story of the Starr Brothers, British Secret Agents in Nazi-Occupied France
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Britain:
Army, 17, 18, 43, 128
declaration of war against Germany, 18
Government Code and Cypher School, 173
MI5, 232, 238, 245, 252, 261
MI6, see Secret Intelligence Service
Official Secrets Act, 2, 14
Royal Air Force (RAF), 11, 17, 22, 82, 83, 116, 121, 135, 137, 150–51, 155, 161, 163, 167, 201, 229
Royal Navy, 7, 9, 37
Special Air Services (SAS), 209, 221–24, 256–58
British Expeditionary Force, 2
Brooks, Anthony “Tony” (“Alphonse”), 49–50, 64, 65, 68, 172, 177, 178, 197
Brossolette, Pierre, 157
Brown, Leslie, 180–81, 183, 192, 193, 240
Brussels, 17, 18
Buchenwald, 119, 190
Buchowski, Jan, 8–9, 12, 13, 65
Buckmaster, Maurice, 1–4, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 21–23, 28, 55, 67, 75, 85, 87, 98, 104, 112, 121, 128, 141, 144, 148, 164, 166, 169, 170, 175, 183, 189, 212, 226, 256
exchange of messages with Kieffer, 189–90, 223–24
George Starr and, 30, 39, 169, 173, 204, 232, 235–37, 242, 255, 267
John Starr and, 263, 264, 266, 267
Buresie, 206–8, 211, 233, 238, 239
Burgundy, 69, 76, 77, 87–89
Caille (milicien), 242, 243
Cambon, Albert (“Cyprien”), 146, 156, 165
Camilo (Tomás Guerrero Ortega), 158–59, 177, 183–85, 191, 192, 195, 212, 216–17, 228, 243
Canaris, Wilhelm, 75
Cannes, 26–29
Cantal, Gabriel, 142, 144, 206
Carcassonne, 219
carrier pigeons, 20, 21
Cartaud, Pierre, 122, 123, 126
CARTE circuit, 12, 13, 24, 25, 28, 74
Casablanca Conference, 55–56, 86
Castagnos, André, 146, 174, 180, 184–85
Castagnos, Henri, 146, 174, 180, 184
Castagnos, Odilla, 146, 174, 180, 184
Castelnau-sur-l’Auvignon, 31–33, 35, 36, 38, 39–54, 56, 58, 60, 66, 72–74, 80, 82, 93–94, 96, 98, 112–15, 117, 128–29, 133, 153, 154, 159, 180, 181, 185–88, 200, 241, 242, 267–68
Battle of, 191–97, 208, 220, 240, 244, 268
D-Day and, 169–77, 179, 183–84
destruction of, 195, 197
funeral at, 185
George Starr in, 31–33, 39–54, 56, 58, 60, 72, 80, 82, 113–15, 117, 133, 153, 154, 169–77, 180, 181, 183–84, 186, 242
peasant’s spy accusations about, 113–14, 192–93
training at, 183
Cazaubon, 196
Cazeneuve, Jean-Marcel, 115
Chamberlain, Neville, 17, 18
Charlet, Blanche, 27, 46
Château de Barsalou, 50, 95
Château de la Clotte, 80, 92–93, 96–97, 130
Château de la Peyre, 96, 99
Château de Parisis-Fontaine, 223
Château d’Esquiré, 52, 56–57, 63, 64
Churchill, Peter (“Raoul”), 23, 25–28, 51, 66, 69, 73, 74, 78, 79, 250, 251
arrest of, 118
Churchill, Winston, 23, 55, 86, 118, 229
SOE created by, 1
Cody, Buffalo Bill, 16
Collin, Yvonne, 213
Combat, 95
Comert, Jean-Claude, 104, 264
communists, 5, 50–51, 78, 133, 159
Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), 176–77, 178, 242
in Toulouse, 226, 228–29
concentration camps, 118, 119, 130, 140, 157, 158, 160, 172, 224, 231, 233, 250, 253
evacuations of prisoners from, 247
John Starr in, 224–25, 245–48, 250, 260
Mauthausen, 246–47, 248
Sachsenhausen, 224–25, 245–46, 247
Condom, 32, 42, 43, 50, 51, 72, 78, 82, 92, 95, 113–14, 130, 133, 142–43, 145, 153, 174, 175, 184, 192, 193, 195–96
Cormeau, Charles Edouard, 97, 101
Cormeau, Yvette, 231
Cormeau, Yvonne (“Annette”), 97–103, 112, 114–16, 134, 141, 152–55, 166, 186, 208, 217, 230, 231, 240
Castelnau battle and, 193
Croix de Guerre awarded to, 236
D-Day and, 170, 171
George Starr and, 97, 98, 101–3, 112, 115, 152–54, 186, 198–99, 201–2, 211, 235–36
German sergeant and, 198–99
return to England, 231
Toulouse liberation and, 219–20
Corsica, 128
Cosculuella, Raymond (“Lépine”), 147, 155–57
Côte d’Azur, 215
Coulanges family, 77, 129
Coulom, André, 167
Cussen, E.J.P., 252
Cyrano de Bergerac (Rostand), 38
Czechoslovakia, 17
Daladier, Edouard, 17
Dalton, Hugh, 2
Darnand, Joseph, 116
Das Reich 2nd SS Panzer Division, 159, 171, 173, 177–80, 192, 197–98, 205–6
D-Day and Allied advance into France, 44, 84–86, 88, 133, 153, 154, 166–68, 169–75, 189, 190, 191, 197–98, 200, 210, 215
Degand, Léon, 34, 35
de Gaulle, Charles, 5, 10, 55, 81, 226–27, 229, 236
Brossolette and, 157
George Starr and, 229–31, 232, 236, 253
provisional government of, 229, 230, 231
radio speech of, 175–76
Ravanel and, 226, 231
de la Roche du Rouzet, Guy, 199
Delattre, Madame, see Robert, Jeanne
Délégués Militaires de Region (Regional Military Delegates), 179–80
Déricourt, Henri, 105, 107
DETECTIVE circuit, 25, 46
Deyris, Jean, 145, 174, 184, 185, 187, 194, 207
Dickens, Charles, 1, 4
DONKEYMAN circuit, 11
Dubois, André (“Hercule”), 136
Duchalard, Charles (“Denis”), 62–63, 84, 134
Duffoir, Josette, 129, 131–33, 141
Duffoir, Paulette, 79, 129, 131, 132, 141
Duffoir, Pierre (“Félix”), 79, 93, 103, 128–33, 141, 166
Dumas, Alexandre, 38
Dumont, Georges, 134
Dundas, Violet, 234
Dupont, Maurice Maxime Léon (“Yvan”), 41, 45, 47, 74, 75, 77, 84
Edelweiss Division, 214
Eisenhower, Dwight, 88, 171, 179, 197
Resistance praised by, 197, 215
Escholier, Raymond, 31, 32, 39, 44–45, 80–83, 153, 155, 168, 172–74, 176, 183–88, 212, 213, 220, 227, 228
on Armagnac Battalion, 200
on Castelnau battle, 192–95
spies and, 181–83
Esmerian, Madame, 138, 266
Estang, 204–5, 217
Eureka homing devices, 25, 60, 168
Eysses, 145, 146, 155
FAFL (Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres), 227
Falbet, Hélène, 31, 47, 79, 130
Falk, Roland, 229
Farquhar, Harold, 75
Faye, Léon, 124, 126, 136–38, 140, 148, 252, 259, 263, 265–66
Fernandez, Luis, 158
Feyton, Rodolphe, 102
FFI (French Forces of the Interior), 171, 172, 177, 201, 211, 214, 215, 218–20, 228, 229, 244
Field Security Police (FSP), 18–20
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 24
Foch, Ferdinand, 38
Follis, Peter, 232–33, 234
Foot, M.R.D., 168, 198
Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres (FAFL), 227
Forces Française de l’Intérieur (FFI), 171, 172, 177, 201, 211, 214, 215, 218–20, 228, 229, 244
&nb
sp; Ford Motor Company, 2
Fourcès, 115–16, 146, 147, 173
France:
Allied invasion of (D-Day) and advance into, 44, 84–86, 88, 133, 153, 154, 166–68, 169–75, 190, 191, 197–98, 200, 210, 215
Allied landing on Riviera, 215
armistice with Germany, 4, 19, 81
collaboration with Germans in, 1, 4, 5, 37
declaration of war against Germany, 18
first SOE agent smuggled into, 3
Free Zone in, 4, 13, 155
German occupation of, 1, 4, 28, 37, 81
Germans’ dissolution of military forces of, 43–44, 81
liberation of, 44, 52, 85
Line of Demarcation in, 4
Milice in, 116, 176, 182–85, 187, 193, 196
provisional government in, 229, 230, 231
Third Republic of, 4
Vichy government in, 4–5, 13–14, 37, 43, 81, 82, 116
Francescas, 191
Franco, Francisco, 17, 18, 61, 75, 158–59, 183, 228, 232
François I, King, 155
Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP), 176–77, 178, 242
Fraser, Hugh, 20
Free French Air Forces (FAFL), 227
French Army, 1, 43, 220
French Forces of the Interior (FFI), 171, 172, 177, 201, 211, 214, 215, 218–20, 228, 229, 244
French North Africa, 7, 28, 44, 85
French Resistance, 4, 5, 22, 24, 31, 36–37, 44, 46, 85, 86, 128, 133–34, 154, 155, 168, 197
Combat, 95
D-Day and, 171–72, 175–76, 178, 179
de Gaulle and, 175–76
Eisenhower’s praise of, 197, 215
Groupe de Saint Laurent, 83
Gunzbourg report of, 50–51
Jedburgh teams and, 199–200
Milice and, 116
Organisation de Résistance de l’Armée (ORA), 81
Victoire network, 36–38, 43, 131, 268
“war of shadows” and, 57, 172
French Revolution, 1, 4
Fresnes Prison, 104–5, 108, 110, 118, 119, 140, 150, 162, 190, 191, 209, 211, 221, 260, 264
FTP (Francs-Tireurs et Partisans), 176–77, 178, 242
Fuller, Horace “Hod” Williams (“Kansul”), 199–200, 212, 216, 218
Fuller, Jean Overton, 119, 262–63, 265–67
Funkspiel (radio game), 68, 110–11, 120–21, 127, 136, 148–49, 152, 209, 223–24, 260, 262, 267
Gabarret, 206
Gallieni, Joseph, 38
Gascony, 29, 32, 37–38, 46–48, 56, 79–80, 88, 128, 141, 145, 153, 159, 166, 168, 171, 205, 268
Gers, 35, 37–38, 66, 76, 77, 80, 85, 86, 88, 116, 133, 145, 154, 158, 165, 175, 177, 183, 184, 216, 218
Gaucher, Fernand (“Gérard”), 37, 45, 46, 58, 80
arrest and imprisonment of, 93–96, 101, 113, 115, 117, 130
Geneva Conventions, 8
George VI, King, 135
Germany, Germans:
Abwehr, 67
Africa and, 44, 52, 55, 85, 128, 152
Britain and France declare war on, 18
concentration camps of, see concentration camps
Das Reich 2nd SS Panzer Division, 159, 171, 173, 177–80, 192, 197–98, 205–6
disintegration of Third Reich, 247
France occupied by, 1, 4, 28, 37, 81
France’s armistice with, 4, 19, 81
French collaboration with, 1, 4, 5, 37
French military forces disbanded by, 43–44, 81
Gestapo, see Gestapo
Kommandos der Sicherheitspolizei und SD (KDS), 208
London bombed by, 11, 97, 190–91
Luftwaffe, 18, 97, 100, 167, 186, 200, 205, 229
Paris evacuated by, 221
radio detector vans of, 56
retreats of, 206, 216, 218–20
Schutzstaffel (SS), see Schutzstaffel
Sicherheitsdienst (SD), see Sicherheitsdienst
Sicherheitspolizei (SIPO), 105
Sicily and, 55, 88, 91, 152
Spain and, 17, 75, 158
surrender of, 248
U-boats of, 7
V-1 rockets of, 190–91
war crimes trials and, 256
Wehrmacht, see Wehrmacht
Gers, 35, 37–38, 66, 76, 77, 80, 85, 86, 88, 116, 133, 145, 154, 158, 165, 175, 177, 183, 184, 216, 218
Gestapo, 10, 34, 46, 56–59, 63–64, 73, 78, 95, 97, 101, 113–15, 117–20, 134, 142–44, 146, 149, 154–57, 165, 166, 200, 202, 210, 233, 251
George Starr’s capture of agents of, 206–8, 233–35, 238–40, 243–44
John Starr and, 89
Milice and, 116
see also Sicherheitsdienst
Gibraltar, 7–9, 13, 25, 27, 75, 147
Girard, André, 13–14, 24, 28
Giraud, Henri, 5, 10, 55
Giskes, Josef, 67
Goetz, Josef, 68, 110–11, 120–23, 126, 150–52, 157, 160, 162, 189–90, 223, 258–61
Goldman, Käte, 110
Gouillaud, René, 259, 260
Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS), 173
Grant, Ulysses S., 56
Gray, John M., 238, 239, 241
Gray, Stanley Nicholson, 135
Groome, Thomas, 10
Groupe de Saint Laurent, 83
Gubbins, Colin, 237
Guillemont, Marcel, 199
Gunzbourg, Antoinette de, 61–62, 64
Gunzbourg, Philippe de (“Philibert”; “Edgar”), 50–51, 56–57, 61–63, 78, 80, 85, 95, 115, 131, 133, 145, 153, 172, 178, 179, 185, 196, 197, 199, 200, 211, 218, 228
Gutgsell, Stephan, 149
Hanon, Fernand, 66
Harris, Captain, 233–34
Haug, Karl, 110, 122, 208, 221–23, 257, 258
Haussmann, Georges-Eugène, 105
Haute-Garonne, 218
HEADMASTER circuit, 145
Herbert, Mary Katherine, 10
Herlin, André, 188, 192
Hilaire, see Starr, George Reginald
Hildemann, Fritz, 222, 223
Hitler, Adolf, 5, 7, 17, 37, 159, 160, 181
commando order of, 221–23
plot against, 210, 257
Hollywood Brigade, 183–84, 187, 191, 195
Holwedts, Rose Marie, 110, 125, 149, 252
Hontanx, 205, 206
Hudson, Charles, 145–47
Hunt, H. S., 234, 235
Irish Republican Army, 1–2
Italy, 17, 28, 55, 56, 86, 88, 134, 152
Salerno, 128, 134
Sicily, 55, 88, 91, 128, 152
Jablonsky, Zbigniew, 104
Jacob, Maurice, 37, 80, 92, 96, 115, 130
Japan, 37, 56, 254
Jedburgh teams, 199–200, 213, 218, 219
Jepson, Selwyn, 21
Joan of Arc, 187
Jones, George Donovan, 70–71, 91
Jones, Thomas “Ginger,” 222, 223, 257
Judex Mission, 236
Jura, 69, 70, 77, 88
Kapri, Alfred von, 110, 139, 140, 151, 190, 209, 222
Khan, Noor Inayat (“Madeleine”), 121–26, 262, 263
arrest of, 122
death of, 262, 265
John Starr and, 123–25, 136–39, 148
in prison, 122–27, 136–40, 148, 252, 259, 262, 263, 265–66
Kieffer, Hans Josef, 67–68, 106–10, 119–22, 127, 135–40, 148–52, 158, 160, 162–65, 190, 191, 208–10, 248–50, 252, 259
John Starr’s portrait commission for, 120, 126–27, 136, 138
messages exchanged with Buckmaster, 189–90, 223–24
SAS commando
s and, 221–24, 257–58
trial of, 257–58
King, J. Russell, 261
Knochen, Helmut, 105, 140, 209, 210, 221, 257, 258
Koenig, Pierre, 179–80
Labayle, Pierre, 62–63, 99–100, 115
arrest of, 115
Lac, Marie-Louise, 51, 78–79, 95, 115
Lafayette, Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de, 216
Lafont, Henri, 251
Lake, Peter, 231
Lammerding, Heinz, 179
Lancastria, RMS, 21
Landes, Roger (“Aristide”), 231
Lannemaignan, 200
Larribeau, Alberta, 36, 47, 114, 131, 133, 169, 191, 195
Larribeau, Roger, 32, 35, 36, 39, 41, 42, 47, 53, 54, 73, 78, 93, 114, 129, 131, 133, 153, 169, 177, 184, 191–93, 195, 242, 267
Lauterjung, Dr., 257
Lauwers, Huub, 67
Lawrence, T. E., 1, 78, 171–72, 211
League of Nations, 202
Leahy, William D., 4
Le Chêne, Marie-Thérèse, 10
Lesur, Marcel, 228
Lévy, Louis, 50, 51, 78, 80, 91, 92
arrest of, 115
Lévy, Théo, 50, 51, 78, 80, 82, 115–16, 174, 176, 186
Libya, 44, 52
L’Isle-Jourdain, 216–17, 218
Lofts, F., 234, 240
London, German bombing of, 11, 97, 190–91
London Calling North Pole (Giskes), 67
London T25 site, 77, 129
Lorraine-Dietrich factory, 167
Lovat, Simon Fraser, Lord, 20
Lubon, 218
Luftwaffe, 18, 97, 100, 167, 186, 200, 205, 229
Lyon, 25–27, 29, 45–47, 76, 230
MacArthur, Douglas, 37
Maison Centrale d’Eysses, 145, 146, 155
Malraux, André, 219
Mansencal, Roland, 131, 133, 145–46
Marks, Leo, 2, 67, 68, 121, 171, 190
Marsac, André, 12, 25, 28
Marseille, 24, 26–28
Marshall, George, 86
Marten, F. N., 212–13
Martin, Pierre, 87, 89, 90, 160, 260
Massigli, René, 264
Mathieu, René, 161
Matin, 2
Maupas, 205
Mauthausen concentration camp, 246–47, 248
Mayr, Leo, 218
McAlister, John (“Valentin”), 151
Merchez, Antoine, 57–58, 93, 99, 186
Merchez, Maguy, 185–86
Mercier, J., 262–67
MI5 (Security Service), 232, 238, 245, 252, 261
MI6, see Secret Intelligence Service
Mikolajazyck, Josépha, 213
Milice, 116, 176, 182–85, 187, 193, 196
Mockler-Ferryman, E. E., 237
Molesini, Aldo, 78, 165
Monnet, Georges, 183