They Fought Alone: The True Story of the Starr Brothers, British Secret Agents in Nazi-Occupied France
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Monnet, Henri, 51, 82, 211, 228, 236
Montauban, 159, 216–17
Mont-de-Marsan, 204, 214
Montesquieu-Volvestre, 100–101, 112
Montréjeau, 216
Morel, Gérard “Gerry,” 77–78, 129, 151, 164
Morocco, 28, 43, 55
Morrisse, Jeanine, 52
Moureau, Maurice, 81–82
Munn, J. W., 238
Mussolini, Benito, 88
National Gunpowder Factory, 155
Neraud family, 70–71
Newton, Alfred, 20, 119, 250–51, 253
Newton, Henry, 20, 119, 250–51, 253
New York Times, 197, 218–19
Niven, David, 20
Norman, Gilbert (“Archambaud”), 107, 110, 111, 120, 140–41
Normandy landings (D-Day) and Allied advance, 44, 84–86, 88, 133, 153, 154, 166–68, 169–75, 189, 190, 191, 197–98, 200, 210, 215
North Africa, 7, 28, 44, 55, 85, 128, 152
Novarini, Argentina “Tina,” 36, 41, 47, 54, 114, 131
Novarini, Joseph “Pino,” 36, 41, 47, 54, 114, 131
Nuremberg Trials, 256
Observer, 201
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 199, 213
Official Secrets Act, 2, 14
Operation Dragoon, 215
Operation Husky, 88
Operation Neptune, see Normandy landings (D-Day) and Allied advance
Operation Torch, 7, 28
Oradour-sur-Glane massacre, 180, 214
Organisation de Résistance de l’Armée (ORA), 81
Ortega, Tomás Guerrero (“Camilo”), 158–59, 177, 183–85, 191, 192, 195, 212, 216–17, 228, 243
Otto, Erich, 68, 209, 224
Pagès, Fernand, 78, 113, 114, 192
Panjas, 81, 83, 172, 194, 196, 200, 202, 204, 220, 241
Panzers, see Das Reich 2nd SS Panzer Division
Paris, 166
Avenue Foch in, see Avenue Foch
German evacuation of, 221
German surrender and, 248
Parisot, Claude Joseph Maurice (“Caillou”; “Stone”), 81–83, 155, 158, 172, 184, 186, 194, 196, 200, 204–8, 210, 213–18, 227–28, 241, 244
death of, 227–28, 232
funeral for, 228
German invasion and destruction of house of, 213–14
Parisot, Françoise, 213
Parisot, Jeanne, 172, 213–14, 218
Parsons, Dennis (“Pierrot”), 155, 193–95, 240
Pasteur Institute, 140
Patch, Alexander, 215
Pat Escape Line, 61
Patton, George, 167
Pertschuk, Maurice (“Eugene”), 48–52, 58, 61–66, 78
arrest of, 64–66, 68
Pétain, Philippe, 4, 19, 36, 81
Peyrot, Francis, 146, 147
Phantom unit, 18, 20
Philippines, 37
PHYSICIAN circuit, 104–5, 107, 109, 121, 140
Pickersgill, Frank (“Bertrand”), 151
PIMENTO circuit, 49, 172, 178
Pitou, André, 196
Placke, Josef, 110, 111, 140, 149–51, 158, 160, 252, 258–60
Plage de la Garoupe, 24
Polish airmen, 92, 115–16
Poncelet, Maurice, 82, 155, 184, 192, 194
Port-Miou, 12–14, 25, 65
Postes, Télégraphes et Téléphones (PTT), 172
Poudrerie Nationale de Toulouse, 155
Prieur, Olivier, 130
Prost, Commandant, 173, 175, 176, 188, 192, 194, 195
PRUNUS circuit, 48, 50, 51, 56, 61–63, 66, 78
Rabinovitch, Adolphe (“Arnaud”), 51–52, 66, 73–74, 79, 84, 157–58
RACKETEER circuit, 166
radio:
detector vans, 56
Funkspiel, 68, 110–11, 120–21, 127, 136, 148–49, 152, 209, 223–24, 260, 262, 267
Radio Londres, 163, 170
Rafferty, Brian Dominic, 70, 71, 91, 104
Ravanel, Serge, see Asher, Serge
Ravel de Malval, Henri, 23
Rée, Harry, 87, 160
Ree, Lance Sergeant, 22
Resistance, see French Resistance
Rhodes, F. W., 235, 239, 240
Riols, Noreen, 232
Riviera, 215
Rizon (milicien), 242, 243
Robert, Jeanne (Madame Delattre), 32–36, 38, 41, 43, 45, 47, 52–54, 74, 92, 93, 96, 99, 100, 112, 113, 129, 141, 166, 184, 195, 268
death of, 268
escape of, 130–33
George Starr and, 33, 38, 39, 53, 54, 72–73, 114, 115, 130
Rouneau and, 34, 53, 54, 93–94, 112–13, 130–32, 166
spy accusation against, 113–14, 192–93
Roche, T. G., 252
Rommel, Erwin, 128, 197
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 5, 55–56, 86
Rostand, Edmond, 38
Rouffranche, Marguerite, 180
Rouneau, Maurice Henri (“Captain Martin Rendier”; “Albert”), 30–31, 35–37, 41–43, 45, 52–54, 56–61, 66, 74, 75, 79–80, 84, 92–94, 99–100, 102–3, 112–18, 128–33, 141, 166, 192–93
escape of, 132–33
George Starr and, 30–32, 39, 40, 58–60, 84, 93–94, 96–97, 114, 117–18, 129–32, 166
Robert and, 34, 53, 54, 93–94, 112–13, 130–32, 166
Wallerand and, 36
Rowden, Diana (“Paulette”), 88–90, 121, 160
arrest of, 127
Royal Air Force (RAF), 11, 17, 22, 82, 83, 116, 121, 135, 137, 150–51, 155, 161, 163, 167, 201, 229
Royal Navy, 7, 9, 37
Ruehl, Werner, 122, 151, 224, 258, 260
Runstedt, Gerd von, 179
Russia, 5, 55, 56, 128, 134, 159, 210, 225
Sachsenhausen concentration camp, 224–25, 245–46, 247
Saint Bernard’s Church, 217
Saint-Martin Church, 180
Saint-Michel Prison, 115, 130, 205, 218, 219
Salerno, 128, 134
Sansom, Odette, 10–11, 26–28, 66, 73, 79, 160
arrest of, 118
George Starr and, 10–11, 26–28, 79
Sansom, Roy, 11
Sarfatti, Giacomino Giovanni, 10
Sarrette, Paul (“Amédée Gontran”), 45, 46, 48, 61, 74, 75
Scherer, August, 110, 135–36
Scherer, Ottilie, 110, 149
Schnurr, Richard, 222, 223, 257, 258
Schouten, Alfred Maurice, 10
Schutzstaffel (SS), 89, 90, 104, 105, 120, 173, 193
Castelnau attacked by, 191–97
George Starr’s orders to attack, 201–2
Oradour-sur-Glane residents massacred by, 180, 214
Seadog, 7–13, 26, 27, 49, 65
Secret Intelligence Service (SIS; MI6), 17, 255
ALLIANCE network, 124
SOE as rival of, 2
Security Service (MI5), 232, 238, 245, 252, 261
Sempé, Abel, 82, 172, 202, 216
Sevenet, Henri Paul (“Rodolphe”), 28, 45–48, 60–61, 75, 117
George Starr and, 10, 28–29, 30, 31, 40, 46, 48, 58, 60–61, 133
SOE report on, 60
Sicherheitsdienst (SD), 56, 64, 67, 71, 78, 89, 105–9, 118, 127, 140, 210
Avenue Foch headquarters of, see Avenue Foch
dropping operation and, 208–9
Funkspiel (radio game) of, 68, 110–11, 120–21, 127, 136, 148–49, 152, 209, 223–24, 260, 262, 267
John Starr and, 89, 107–9, 119–21, 126–27
Khan and, 121, 122
knowledge of SOE operations, 90–91, 107–9, 127, 163–64
SAS
commandos killed by, 221–24, 256–58
see also Gestapo
Sicherheitspolizei (SIPO), 105
Kommandos der Sicherheitspolizei und SD (KDS), 208
Shawcross, Hartley, 256
Sicily, 55, 88, 91, 128, 152
Silkin, Sam, 240, 241–42
Solal, Henry, 173–74, 175, 193, 195
Sorbé, Marius, 99, 131
Soskice, Frank, 238, 240, 243–44
Southgate, Maurice (“Hector”), 20–21, 70, 144, 161–64, 190, 191, 233, 250, 252
Soviet Union, 5, 55, 56, 128, 134, 159, 210, 225
Spain:
Bloch’s trip to, 73–75
civil war in, 17, 18, 158–59, 228
escapes to, 57–58, 61, 84, 92, 116, 133, 141, 145–47, 157, 212, 218
George Starr’s family in, 18, 19, 27, 53, 61, 77, 101, 232, 236
Germany and, 17, 75, 158
Special Air Services (SAS), 209, 221–24, 256–58
Special Operations (SO), 199
Special Operations Executive (SOE), 5
ACROBAT circuit, 69, 88, 90, 107–8, 150, 151
Baker Street headquarters of, 2
Beaulieu training school of, 20, 232–35, 237–39, 244
CARTE circuit, 12, 13, 23, 25, 28, 74
commando course of, 8
creation of, 1
cyanide pills carried by agents of, 9, 97–98
DETECTIVE circuit, 25, 46
disbanding of, 255
DONKEYMAN circuit, 11
escape network of, 61
first agent smuggled into France, 3
French Section (F-Section) of, 2–4, 13–14, 22, 25
George Starr promoted by, 133, 155, 211
George Starr’s joining of, 20, 21
HEADMASTER circuit, 145
John Starr promoted by, 24
John Starr’s contravention of procedures of, 77
John Starr’s joining of, 20
John Starr’s training with, 20, 22
PHYSICIAN circuit, 104–5, 107, 109, 121, 140
PIMENTO circuit, 49, 172, 178
PRUNUS circuit, 48, 50, 51, 56, 61–63, 66, 78
RACKETEER circuit, 166
SD’s knowledge of operations of, 90–91, 107–9, 127, 163–64
secrecy of, 1, 2
sections of, 2
SIS as rival of, 2
SPINDLE circuit, 66, 78, 118
STATIONER circuit, 70, 144, 162
teams, couriers, and circuits of, 3
training at, 20–22
VENTRILOQUIST circuit, 10, 78, 145
WHEELWRIGHT circuit, see WHEELWRIGHT circuit
S-Phone, 25, 41–43, 51, 60, 72, 77, 129, 151, 259
SPINDLE circuit, 66, 78, 118
Stalin, Joseph, 55
Starr, Alfred (son of George), 17, 18, 19, 101, 232, 236
Starr, Ethel (daughter of John), 17, 18, 19, 25, 249, 253
Starr, George Reginald (“Hilaire”), 3, 4, 5, 14, 39–54, 56–66, 69, 70, 72–80, 84–86, 91–97, 99–100, 112–18, 128–35, 141–47, 148, 151–58, 164–68, 169–88, 200–202, 204–8, 210–20, 227, 228–45, 262, 268
achievements of, 165, 168
background of, 8, 16–17
at Beaulieu, 232–35, 237–39, 244
birth of, 16
Bloch and, 46–48, 73–77
British Army joined by, 17
Buckmaster and, 30, 39, 169, 173, 204, 232, 235–37, 242, 255, 267
Camilo and, 158–59
and capture of Gestapo agents, 206–8, 233–35, 238–40, 243–44
in Castelnau, 31–33, 39–54, 56, 58, 60, 72, 80, 82, 113–15, 117, 133, 153, 154, 169–77, 180, 181, 183–84, 186, 242
in Castelnau battle, 191–97, 240, 244
character of, 8, 12–13, 16, 27, 40
Cormeau and, 97, 101–3, 112, 115, 152–54, 186, 198–99, 201–2, 211, 235–36
court of enquiry on, 238–45, 263, 266
D-Day and, 44, 84–86, 88, 133, 153, 154, 166–68, 169–75, 197, 200
death of, 267
declares himself as Colonel Hilaire, 172–73
de Gaulle and, 229–31, 232, 236, 253
deliveries of arms and supplies to, 40–43, 45, 60, 79–81, 82, 84, 91–92, 201–2
in Estang battle, 204–5
executions by, 183
explosives and demolition work of, 9, 21–22, 25, 38, 42, 56, 79–80, 83, 133, 134, 135, 141–42, 155, 156, 167
family history of, 15–16
Fuller and, 199–200
as Gaston the Belgian, 40, 53–54, 112, 172–73
Gaucher’s arrest and, 93–95
German Heinkel aircraft and, 229
German retreats and, 206, 216
German sergeant and, 198–99
Hollywood Brigade of, 183–84, 187, 191, 195
John’s meeting of, at Port-Miou, 12–14, 25
John’s postwar meeting with, 249
lecture given by, 233–38, 240, 244
marriage to Pilar, 17
medals awarded to, 135, 236, 253, 267
messaging rules of, 44–45, 48, 74
mining experience of, 8, 16–17, 18, 21–22, 40, 141, 253
ordered to attack SS and Wehrmacht forces, 201–2
Parisot’s death and, 227–28, 232
physical appearance of, 8, 12–13, 31, 40, 79, 101, 143
priests and, 83
prisoners and, 186–87, 192, 194, 196, 202, 207–8, 213, 217–18, 233–35, 238–40, 243–44
recruiting method of, 44
report on his work in France, 232, 242, 249
return to England, 231–32
Robert and, 33, 38, 39, 53, 54, 72–73, 114, 115, 130
Rouneau and, 30–32, 39, 40, 58–60, 84, 93–94, 96–97, 114, 117–18, 129–32, 166
Sansom and, 10–11, 26–28, 79
on Seadog, 8–12, 27
Sevenet and, 10, 28–29, 30, 31, 40, 46, 48, 58, 60–61, 133
SOE joined by, 20, 21
SOE’s promotions of, 133, 155, 211
spies and traitors and, 181–83, 188
torture allegations against, 213, 233–45
Toulouse liberation and, 219–20, 228–29, 244
Walters and, 142–47, 153, 165–66, 181, 185, 186, 201, 211–13, 236, 237
Walters’ allegations against, 213, 237, 238, 241, 245
WHEELWRIGHT circuit of, 38, 44, 45, 56, 57, 62, 66, 78, 80, 86, 93, 113, 115, 129, 152, 159, 165, 168, 234, 237
Starr, Georgina Ethel Margarita (daughter of George), 17, 18, 19, 101, 232, 236
George’s letter to, 254–55
Starr, John Ashford Renshaw (“Emile”; “Bob”), 3–4, 5, 14, 51, 69–71, 76–77, 87–91, 232–33, 245–53, 255
accusations against, 250–53, 258–67
arrest of, 89–90
as artist, 17, 20, 108, 120, 126–27, 225, 253
at avenue Foch, 105–11, 118–21, 123–27, 136–40, 148–52, 160–65, 190, 191, 210, 220–21, 224, 245, 249–52, 257–67
background of, 16, 17
barber and, 152
birth of, 16
birthday of, 220, 221
British Army joined by, 17, 18
Buckmaster and, 263, 264, 266, 267
character of, 12–13, 16
Christmas cards drawn by, 151–52
in concentration camps, 224–25, 245–48, 250, 260
cooperation with captors, 107–9, 119–20, 150–51, 249–53, 258–67
death of, 267
deployed to France, 22–24
family history of, 15–16
on field outings w
ith Germans, 150–51, 259–60
in Field Security Police, 18–20
at Fresnes Prison, 104–5, 108
Funkspiel (radio game) and, 110–11, 120–21, 127, 136, 148–49, 223, 260, 262, 267
George’s meeting of, at Port-Miou, 12–14, 25
George’s postwar meeting with, 249
indictment and investigation of, 262–67
interrogation of, 90–91, 106
Khan and, 123–25, 136–39, 148, 252, 259, 263, 265–66
Kieffer’s portrait commission and, 120, 126–27, 136, 138
at Kieffer’s trial, 257–58
maps drawn by, 107–9, 119–20, 149, 164, 259
marriage to Michelle, 17
Martin and, 87, 89, 90, 160, 260
Newton brothers and, 20, 119, 250–51, 253
nightclub opened by, 253
Ottilie Scherer and, 149
physical appearance of, 12–13, 17
in prison, 90–91, 104–11, 118–21, 123–27, 136–40, 148–52, 160–65, 190, 191, 210, 211, 220–21, 224, 245, 249–52, 257–67
prison escape attempted by, 124–27, 136–40, 148, 149, 252, 259, 262, 263, 265–66
promise not to escape, 139–40, 148, 150, 224
Rabinovitch and, 157–58
Rée and, 87
relationship with captors, 149
report written by, 248–50
resettlement in Paris, 253
restaurant outing of, 149–50, 259, 260
return to England, 248–49
return to Paris, 247–48
SD and, 89, 107–9, 119–21, 126–27
on Seadog, 13
SOE joined by, 20
SOE procedures contravened by, 77
SOE’s promotion of, 24
SOE training of, 20, 22
Southgate and, 20–21, 161–64, 190, 250, 252
zazou disguise of, 24, 152
Starr, Lionel (son of John), 76, 77, 253
Starr, Michelle Vergetas (wife of John), 17–19, 76, 77, 248, 253, 262, 267
Starr, Pilar Canudos Ristol (wife of George), 17–19, 27, 53, 61, 77, 101, 232, 236, 254
STATIONER circuit, 70, 144, 162
Stauffenberg, Claus Schenk von, 210
Stonehouse, Brian, 27, 28, 46, 119
Stork, Josef, 135–36, 208, 209, 221–23
Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF), 171, 179, 201, 214, 215
Suttill, Francis, 104, 107, 121, 140
Swiss Red Cross, 247
Taesch, Serge, 208, 213
Talès, Laurent, 83, 172, 200
Tarbes, 206, 216, 218
Team Bugatti, 199
Termignon, Gabriel, 217–18, 244
They Fought Alone: The True Story of SOE’s Agents in Wartime France (Buckmaster), see Buckmaster, Maurice