A Brief History of Circumnavigators
Page 33
9. J. and M. C. Ridgway, Round the World with Ridgway, 1978, p. 36.
10. John Hooker, Exeter City Record Office, Book No. 51. Cf. also Gwyneth Dyke, ‘Finances of a Sixteenth Century Navigator, Thomas Cavendish of Trimley in Suffolk,’ The Mariner’s Mirror, 64, 1958, pp. 108–15.
11. D. B. Quinn (ed.), The Last Voyage of Thomas Cavendish 1591–1592, 1975, p. 56 (spellings modernised).
12. Ibid., p. 62.
13. Ibid., p. 63.
14. Ibid., pp. 52, 53, 68, 70.
15. Ibid., p. 110.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., p. 112.
18. Ibid., pp. 112, 114.
19. Ibid., p. 122.
20. Ibid., pp.126, 128.
Chapter 4
1. Cf. P. Geyl, The Revolt of the Netherlands (1556–1609), 1932, p. 234.
2. H. R. Wagner, Spanish Voyages to the North West Coast of America in the Sixteenth Century, 1929, pp. 245–6.
3. Journal du Voyage de Guillaume Schouten dans les Indes, Paris, 1618, p. 127.
4. Christina Dodwell, Travels with Fortune, 1979; quoted in C. Bonington, Quest for Adventure, 1981, p. 308.
5. William Dampier, A New Voyage Round the World, 1937 edn, p. 55.
6. Ibid., pp.56–7.
7. Ibid., p. 63.
8. Ibid., p. 62.
9. Ibid., p. 70.
10. Ibid., p. 68.
11. Ibid., p. 81.
12. J. and M. C. Ridgway, Round the World with Ridgway, 1978, pp. 169–70.
13. Dampier, op. cit., p. 200.
14. Ibid., p. 205.
15. Ibid., p. 243.
16. Ibid., p. 229.
17. Ibid., p. 233.
18. Ibid., p.232.
19. Ibid., p. 277.
20. Ibid., p. 325.
21. Ibid., pp. 332–3.
22. Ibid., pp. 336–7.
23. Ibid., p. 346.
24. Ibid., p. 357.
25. Ibid., p. 356.
26. Ibid., p. 359.
27. Dictionary of National Biography.
28. The Diary of John Evelyn, Vol. 2, Everyman edition 1937, pp. 351–2.
Chapter 5
1. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Chapter 13.
2. W. G. Perrin (ed.), A Voyage Round the World by Captain George Shelvocke, 1928, pp. xx–xxii.
3. Ibid., pp.40–41.
4. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
5. Leo Heaps, Log of the Centurion Based on the Original Papers of Captain Philip Saumarez . . ., 1973, pp.45–7.
6. Ibid., p. 84.
7. Ibid., pp.76ff.
8. Ibid., pp. 84–5.
9. Ibid., p.112.
10. Ibid., p.114.
11. Ibid., p. 118.
12. Ibid., p. 120.
13. Ibid., p. 118.
14. G. Williams, Documents Relating to Anson’s Voyage Round the World 1740–44, 1967, pp. 87–8.
15. Ibid., p. 119.
16. Joshua Slocum, Sailing Alone Round the World, 1899, p.140.
17. William Dampier, A New Voyage Round the World, 1937, p. 174.
18. ‘A Voyage Round the World by Dr John Francis Gemelli Careri’, in John Churchill, A Collection of Voyages and Travels, 1704, IV, p. 491.
19. Leo Heaps, op. cit., p. 174.
20. Ibid., p. 173.
21. Ibid., p. 214.
22. Ibid., p. 223.
23. Ibid., p. 233.
Chapter 6
1. J. R. Forster, Preface to his translation of L. de Bougainville, A Voyage Round the World . . . in the Years 1766, 1767, 1768 and 1769 by Louis de Bougainville, pp. viii–xi.
2. Alexander Dalrymple, A Historical Collection of Voyages . . . in the South Pacific Ocean, I, pp. xxviii–xxix. Cf. also J. C. Beaglehole, Life of Captain James Cook, 1974, p. 121.
3. R. E. Gallagher (ed.), Byron’s Journal of his Circumnavigations, Hakluyt Society, Second Series cxxii, 1964, p. 3.
4. Ibid., p. 16.
5. Ibid., p. 16.
6. Ibid., p. 116.
7. Ibid., p. 24.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 30.
10. Ibid., p. 32.
11. Ibid., pp. 46–7.
12. Ibid., p. 186.
13. Cf. H. Wallis, The Patagonian Giants, cited in Gallagher, op. cit., pp. 185ff.
14. Gallagher, op. cit., p. 50.
15. Ibid., p. 156.
16. Ibid., p. 88.
17. Ibid., p. 93.
18. Ibid., p. 105.
19. Ibid., p. 116.
20. Ibid., p. 120.
21. H. Wallis (ed.), Carteret’s Voyage Round the World 1766–1769, Hakluyt Society, 1965, I, p. 38.
22. Ibid., pp.116–17.
23. J. Hawkesworth, An Account of the Voyages . . . 1773, Vol. I, p. 419.
24. Ibid., p. 423.
25. Ibid., pp. 467-8.
26. Wallis, op. cit., p. 126.
27. Ibid., p. 131.
28. Ibid., p. 150.
29. Ibid., pp.154–5.
30. Ibid., p. 169.
31. Ibid. p. 184.
32. Ibid., pp. 205–6.
33. Ibid., p. 217.
34. Ibid., p. 220.
35. Ibid., p. 264.
36. Ibid., p. 262.
37. Ibid., p. 264.
Chapter 7
1. I. R. Forster, Preface to Bougainville’s A Voyage Round the World, p. xxvii.
2. Ibid., p. 124.
3. Gallagher, Byron’s Journal; p. 83.
4. Bougainville, op. cit., pp. 197–8.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid., p. 218.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., pp. 306–7.
9. Ibid., p. 364.
10. Ibid., p. 368.
11. Ibid., p. 469.
12. Ibid., p. 300.
13. Ibid., p. 30.
14. Cf. J. C. Beaglehole, The Life of Captain James Cook, Hakluyt Society, 1974, p. 148.
15. Ibid., p. 166.
16. Ibid., p. 197.
17. Ibid., p. 243.
18. Ibid., p. 294.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., p. 438.
22. Ibid., p. 426.
23. Ibid., p. 431.
Chapter 8
1. C. P. C. Fleurieu, A Voyage Round the World 1790–1792 Performed by Etienne Marchand, 2 vols, London, 1801, reprinted in Amsterdam 1969, I, p. lxix.
2. Ibid., I, p. lxxviii.
3. Ibid., I, pp. 155–6.
4. Ibid., I, pp. 35–6.
5. Ibid., I, p. 297.
6. Frank Debenham (ed.), The Voyage of Captain Bellingshausen . . ., Hakluyt Society, Second Series, xci, 1945, I, p. 128.
7. Ibid., II, pp. 276–7.
8. W. Stanton, The Great United States Exploring Expedition, Los Angeles, 1975, pp. 139–40.
9. C. Wilkes, Synopsis of the Cruise of the United States Exploring Expedition, 1848, p.21.
10. Ibid., p. 151.
11. J. C. Ross, A Voyage of Discovery and Research . . . 1839–43, 1847, I, pp. 100–101.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., I. p. 247.
14. Ibid., I, p. 276.
15. Ibid., I, pp. 281–3.
16. Ibid., II, p. 42.
17. Ibid., II, p. 332.
Chapter 9
1. National Maritime Museum.
2. Ibid.
3. B. Lubbock, The Colonial Clippers, 1924, pp. 5–6.
4. National Maritime Museum.
5. M. Gee, Captain Fraser’s Voyages, Stanford Maritime, 1979, p. 77.
6. Jules Verne, Around the World in Eighty Days, Everyman Edition, 1926, p. 215.
7. Dictionary of National Biography, Supplement 1900–1921.
8. Lady Brassey, A Voyage in the Sunbeam, 1878, Preface.
9. Ibid., pp. 5–6.
10. Ibid., pp. 55–6.
11. Ibid., p. 113.
12. Ibid., p. 125.
13. Ibid., p. 179.
14. Ibid., p. 169.
15. Ibid., p. 185.
17. Ibid., pp. 192–3.
18. Ibid., pp. 234–5.
19. Ibid., pp. 297–8.
20. Ibid., p. 343.
21. Ibid., p. 374.
22. Ibid., pp. 459–460.
23. Ibid., p. 453.
24. Ibid., p. 449.
Chapter 10
1. Joshua Slocum, Sailing Alone Around the World, 1899, p. 292.
2. Ibid., p. 2.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid., p. 3.
5. Ibid., p. 4.
6. Ibid., p. 4.
7. Ibid., p. 31.
8. F. Chichester, Gipsy Moth Circles the World, 1967, p. 18.
9. Slocum, op. cit., pp. 26–7.
10. Ibid., pp. 39–42.
11. S. T. Coleridge, Rime of the Ancient Mariner.
12. A. Davison, My ship is so Small, p. 81.
13. Chichester, op. cit., p. 120.
14. Slocum, op. cit., p. 73.
15. D. B. Quinn (ed.), The Last Voyage of Thomas Cavendish 1591–1592, 1975, p. 56.
16. Slocum, op. cit., p. 79.
17. Ibid., p. 81.
18. Ibid., pp. 81–2.
19. Ibid., pp. 99–100.
20. Ibid., pp. 100–101.
21. Ibid., pp. 132–3.
22. Ibid., pp. 139–40.
23. Ibid., p. 145.
24. Ibid., p. 157.
25. Ibid., p. 155.
26. Ibid., p. 167.
27. Ibid., p. 174.
28. Ibid., p. 180.
29. Ibid., p. 193.
30. Ibid., p. 198.
31. Ibid., p. 204.
32. Ibid., pp. 219–20.
33. Ibid., p. 238.
34. Ibid., pp. 274–5.
35. Ibid., p. 278.
36. Glinn Bennet, Beyond Endurance, 1983, p. 96.
Chapter 11
1. A. Gerbault, The Fight of the Firecrest, 1926, p. 2.
2. A. Seligman, The Voyage of the Cap Pilar, 1939, p. 231.
3. C. O’Brien, Across Three Oceans, 1927, p. 18.
4. D. Holm, The Circumnavigators, Small Boat Voyagers of Modern Times, 1975, p. 125.
5. B. Moitessier, The Long Way, 1971, p. 151.
6. E. McAthur, Taking on the World, 2002, p. 37.
7. Ibid., p. 36.
INDEX
Acapulco 28, 42, 82, 87, 119, 130
Achin 97–8
Adélie Coast 233, 236, 243
Africa 4, 5, 7, 11, 23, 45, 48, 100, 101–3
Alaska 220
albatross 116–17
Albuquerques, Alfonso de 6
Alexander Island 231
Alexander VI, Pope (Rodrigo Borgia) 5
Alonso of Valladolid 53, 54
Amaryllis 302
Amboyna 106
America, North and Central 8, 28–9, 40–1, 109, 145, 222, 223, 225, 237–8
Amsterdam Island 23
Anson, George 117–37, 138, 144, 157, 171, 175, 177, 186
Antarctica 72, 206, 211, 216, 218, 228, 229–30, 231, 233, 236, 239–44, 246
survey 232, 236–7
Antigua 159
Antwerp 67
Arctic Circle 238
Arica 52
Arne, Thomas 137
Ascension, Antonio de la 68–9
Ascension Island 179, 194
astronomy 183, 184, 197
Australia 92, 105, 156, 189, 191, 196, 202, 204–5, 222, 227, 243, 248, 249, 250, 257, 292–4, 305, 306
Azores 184
Baab, Sultan 43–4
Backstrom, John 127
Bacon, Francis xiv
Balboa, Vasco Nunez de 10
Banks, Joseph 197, 198, 202, 206, 207–8, 209–10
Bare, Mlle. 194–5
Batavia 158–9, 175, 177, 178, 193, 205
Bellinghausen, Baron Thaddeus von 228–31
Bengkulu 99–100
Biscoe, John 231
Black Ball Line 249, 250, 251, 252, 257
Bondeuse 184–94
Bonthain 177–8
Borneo 177, 233
Botany Bay 227
Bougainville, Louis Antoine de 143–4, 153–4, 160, 179–80, 184–95, 206
Bounty 172
Brassey, Annie 260–74
Brassey, Thomas 259–74
Brazil 11, 13, 35, 51, 60, 62, 63, 68, 122, 146, 148–9, 198, 256, 283
bread fruit 87
Brewer, John 34
Britain see England/Britain
British Oxygen Company 309
Brosses, Charles de 141, 144
Brunei 20
BT Global Challenge 309
Buenos Aires 284
Bulkiah, Sultan 20–1
Burghley, Lord 34, 40
Burgos, Bishop of 8
Buru 192
Byron, John 124, 145–59, 160, 162, 171, 173, 175, 176, 185, 186, 196
Byron, Lord 150
Cacafuego 39
Cairo 272–3
California 59, 146, 221
Campbell, Dr John 140–1
Canada 144
Canary Islands 11
Canton 92, 115, 133, 223, 226, 228, 271
Cape Deliverance 191
Cape Froward 288
Cape of Good Hope 23, 55, 57, 61, 71, 100, 209
Cape Horn 38, 72–3, 79, 107, 116, 122–4, 186, 198–9, 217, 250, 285–6, 306, 307
Cape Pilar 37, 52, 164, 285
Cape San Francisco 39
Cape Town 100, 101, 159, 179, 296
Cape Verde Islands 5, 23, 24, 32–3, 48, 71, 77–9, 111, 147, 198
Cape Virgin Mary see Cape Virgins
Cape Virgins 15, 70, 151, 162, 186, 285
Carandino, Jorge 52
Caroline Islands 16, 17, 42
Carteret, Philip 161–6, 169–80, 191, 194
Cathay 55
Catholicism 29, 67
Cavendish, Thomas 12, 49–65, 310
Cebu 18, 19, 28
Celebes 92, 169
Centurion 120, 129, 131, 132–7, 138, 147
Ceylon (Sri Lanka) 272
Chaloner, Thomas 284
Chamberlen, Captain 118
Charles I of Spain 8
Cheap, Captain 124
Chequeton 130
Chichester, Francis 9–10, 278, 283–4, 305–8
Chile 130, 166, 172, 233, 266–7, 289
China 28, 61, 66, 92–3, 133–4, 141, 222, 223, 226, 248, 271
chinoiserie 92–3
Christian, Fletcher 172
Christmas Sound 217
Christopher 32, 36
chronometers 182–3, 212–13
Clerke, Lieutenant Charles 208, 210, 212
Clifford, George, earl of Cumberland 50–1
clippers 247–58
Clipperton, Captain John 111, 114
Clive, Robert 148
Cobadonga 135–6
Cockburn Channel 288
coconuts 147, 175
Cocos Keeling Islands 80, 294–5
Coen, Jan Pieterzoon 73
Coiba, Isle of 114
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor 117, 281–2
Columbus, Christopher 4–5
commercialism in sports 308, 309
Commercon, M. de 194, 195
Concepcion 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19
Content 50, 53–4
Cook, Captain (died 1684) 77, 79, 80, 81
Cook, Captain James (1728–79) 140, 196–219, 220, 221, 293
Cooktown 293
Coppinger, Mr 94
Cortez, Hernando 10(n), 18
Council of the Indies 8
Covilha, Pedro da 4
Cowper, William 108, 108–9
Crosier, John 153
Crowhurst, Donald 309
Crozet Island 238
Cuba 227
Cumberland Bay 171
Cygnet 81–91, 92, 93, 94, 98
D’Abreu, Antonio 7(n)
D’Almeida, Francisco 6
Dalrymple, Alexander 141–2, 209
Dampier,
William 74–109, 129, 130, 175, 176
Darien 75, 129
Darwin, Charles 288
Davis, Edward 81
Davis, John 59–60, 62, 63, 143
Davison, Ann 282
De Lesseps, Jean 221, 288
Defence 100, 103
Defoe, Daniel 107
D’Elcano, Sebastian xiii, 22–4, 25, 26, 27, 28, 310
Desire 50, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62
Diaz, Captain 4, 6
Doldrums 11–12, 33, 60, 79, 121
Dolphin 144–59, 161–9, 170
Doughty, Thomas 33–5, 36, 44
Drake, Francis 29–46, 50, 71, 82, 130, 145
Drake’s Bay 41
Dumas, Jean 193
D’Urville, Jules Dumont 231–3, 239, 243, 244
Dusky Bay 212, 213
Dutch East India Company see United Dutch East India Company
Dutch Republic 58, 67–8
East India Company 98, 118, 133, 134, 140, 141
East Indies 57, 141
Easter Island 16, 176
Eendracht 71–3
Egmont, Earl of 144, 151, 152, 153, 154, 160–1
Egypt 272–3
Eldorado 28, 147
Elizabeth 32, 38
Elizabeth I 30, 32, 40, 45–6, 50, 56, 67
Elizabeth II 305
Elizabethides 38, 72 see also Cape Horn
emigrant ships 252–4
Endeavour 197–205, 207, 293
Enderby Land 231
England/Britain 30, 47, 67, 119, 142, 182, 220, 227, 228, 245, 291
English Cove 191, 192
Erebus, Mount 239
Espinosa, Gonzalo Gomez de 22
Evelyn, John 109
Faleiro, Rui 7, 8, 9, 10
Falkland Islands 129, 143–5, 152–3, 158, 159–60, 162, 181, 187, 199, 286
Fenton, Edward 12, 47–9
Fenton, Geoffrey 48, 49
Fiji 217, 233
Fletcher, Francis 44
Fleurieu, Charles 222–3, 224–5
flogging 83
Forbes, James (‘Bully’) 249–52, 310
Formosa 92
Forster, George 209
Forster, John Reinhold 140, 208–9, 211
Fortescue Bay 288
France 139, 142, 144, 159, 160, 181, 182, 183, 191, 194, 206, 220–1, 223, 226, 227, 228, 232, 233, 243, 244, 302
Franklin, Sir John 231
Fraser, Thomas 257–8
Frobisher, Martin 48
Furneaux, Tobias 167, 214
Galapagos Islands 80, 301
Galleon Leicester 60, 62, 63
Gama, Vasco da 5, 6
Geographical Society of London (later, Royal Geographical Society) 244, 245, 246
George III 197
George III Island see Tahiti
Gerbault, Alain 301–2
Gibraltar 283
Gilbert Islands 16
Gilbert, Morgan 30
Gipsy Moth IV 10, 305–7
Gloucester 120, 125–6, 131, 132
Goa 6, 45
Golden Globe Race 308–9
Golden Hind 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46
see also Pelican