Indochina: American community in, 125–27
Communist victories in and eviction of U.S. from, 381–87
maps of, 134, 226
OSS operations in, 125, 127–30
piaster racket during, 123–24
Potsdam Conference on, 127, 130
Roosevelt on transformation of, into United Nations Trusteeship, 125, 127. See also Cambodia; French Indochina War; Laos; Saigon; Vietnam; Vietnam War
Indochinese Communist Party, 131
Indonesia: CIA in, 284, 295
downfall of Sukarno in, 2, 278–96
economy of, 280, 296
Gestapu murder of army generals in, 2–3, 278, 280–81, 283–87, 289, 294–95
and Malaysia, 278, 279, 280, 295
purge of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) and genocide in, 2–3, 278–79, 284–95, 317
September 30 Movement in, 283–87, 289, 294
size of, 278
ST in, 278–79, 288–94
Suharto in, 279–81, 286–88, 294–96
Megawati Sukarnoputri as president of, 296
and United Nations, 279, 280, 282
Yuhoyono as president of, 296
Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), 278–79, 286–95, 317
INS. See International News Service (INS)
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1988), 215
International Control Commission (ICC), 235, 239, 312
International News Service (INS), 2, 6, 7, 33, 49, 109, 169
Internet, 321, 322, 379, 396–97
Iran, 391
shah of, 311
Iraq, 2, 10, 241, 387–93, 395–96
Israel, 311
Issaraks, 243
Italian Communist Party, 76
Jao, J. C., 98, 107–9, 117
Japan: atomic bombs dropped in, 3–4
China’s war against, 9, 13, 15, 19, 21, 31, 44, 48, 57n
MacArthur in, as Supreme Commander Allied Powers (SCAP), 169
Mao’s foreign policy on, 378
memorial service for victims of atomic bomb in, 3
and Sino-Japanese War (1894), 353
in World War II, 3–4, 25–28, 30, 35, 42, 170, 388
Jarvis, Lucy, 212
Java, 290–94
Jenkins, Evan, 315–18
Jesuits, 61–65, 73, 75–77, 114. See also Catholic Church
Ji Jiaozhu, 351
Ji Mingzhong, 342, 346, 349, 365
Jiajing, Emperor, 301, 302
Jiang Qing: arrest, trial, and imprisonment of, 373
and Chinese Civil War, 29
criticisms of, 372, 376
and Cultural Revolution, 16, 299, 302–3, 340, 341, 356, 357, 370, 376
daughter of, 16, 29
death of, 373
and Gang of Four, 299, 341, 370, 372–73
and Peking Opera House, 16, 93–94, 373
photographs of, 16, following p. 110
and Red Guards, 340, 357
and Sihanouk, 269
Jinling Evening News, 90n
Joelson, Jules, 32, 33
Johnson, Harold, 233
Johnson, Lyndon: decision of, not to run for reelection, 240, 328
and domino theory, 393
and Indonesia, 3
photograph of, following p. 224
and Sihanouk, 259, 261, 262
and Sukarno, 223, 295
and Vietnam War, 222, 224, 227–29, 231–34, 238, 240, 256, 317, 328, 329, 392, 395
Johnson, Tom, 387
Joint U.S. Advisory Group (JUSMAG), 35, 40, 45, 46–48, 175
Jones, David, 318
Journalism. See Associated Press (AP); International News Service (INS); New York Times; News media; and specific newspapers and journalists
Journey between Two Chinas (ST), 327, 403
JUSMAG. See Joint U.S. Advisory Group (JUSMAG)
Kalb, Marvin, 199–200
Kalgan, China, 11–12, 17–18
Kantol, Prince Norom, 258
Karajan, Herbert von, 191
Karakoram Highway, 375
Katamso, Brig. Gen., 287
Kawabe, Takashiro, following p. 110
Keatley, Bob and Ann, 347–49
Keller, Bill, 321
Kemper, George, 192–93, following p. 224
Kennedy, Ethel, 223
Kennedy, Jacqueline, 261
Kennedy, Joan, 297
Kennedy, John F.: assassination of, 220–21, 261
and Chinese forces in Burma, 150
and coup against Diem regime, 218–19, 220, 221
and Cuban Bay of Pigs invasion, 205–6, 207, 212, 219
and Cuban missile crisis, 208–14
on French Indochina War, 156, 184–85
and Gullion, 156–57
Khrushchev’s Vienna meeting with, on Berlin and Indochina, 205–8, 209
obituary for, 220–21
photograph of, following p. 224
Reston interview with, 206–8
in Vietnam as congressman (1951), 2, 151–52, 154–57, 209, 218, 223–24
and Vietnam War, 157, 206, 207–8, 218–19, 221–23, 329
and West Berlin, 206–7
Kennedy, Joseph P., 151
Kennedy, Patricia, 151
Kennedy, Robert, 151, 155–56, 211, 222–24, 280
Kennedy, Ted, 297
Kent State deaths, 271
Kenworthy, E. W., 330
Key, David M., 149–50
KGB, 199, 205, 209, 210, 211
Kharlamov, Mikhail, 203
Khmer Rouge, 242–44, 261, 267, 269–77, 381, 384, 385, 392. See also Cambodia
Khrushchev, Nikita: alcohol use by, 204
on Berlin, 190, 211–12
and Cuban missile crisis, 2, 208–13
death and burial plot of, 212
in East Germany, 193–94, 197
and Geneva Conference on Korea and Vietnam (1954), 185
Kennedy’s Vienna meeting with, on Berlin and Indochina, 205–8, 209
on Korean War, 171
lifting of censorship by, 203
Mao’s ideological split with, 2, 17, 199–203, 302
and nuclear test-ban treaty, 212
and ousting from Soviet leadership (1964), 212
photographs of, following p. 224
on Stalin, 201–2
and U-2 spy flight, 201
and Vietnam War, 208
Khrushchev, Nina, 211, 212, following p. 224
Kiernan, Ben, 272
The Killing Fields, 277
Kim Il-sung, 170, 171, 174–75, 180, 181
Kissinger, Henry: and bombing and invasion of Cambodia, 267, 268, 271
and China, 11, 102, 326, 343, 349–50, 355, 362
and Huang Hua, 343
and Pentagon Papers, 362
photograph of, following p. 224
and Vietnam War, 381, 382
KMT. See Kuomintang (KMT) Party
Knight Ridder newspapers, 395
Kohlberg, Alfred, 119
Korean War: beginning of, 103, 119, 170, 171, 180
casualties of, 112, 137, 169, 177–78, 182
and Chiang Kai-shek, 172
Chinese Communist involvement in, 23, 101, 103–4, following p. 110, 146, 147, 169–83, 340, 353, 377, 390–91
Geneva conference on (1954), 2, 104, 167–68, 180
Huang Hua and negotiations on, 167–68
Huang Hua on, 176, 181–83
journalists covering, 137
and MacArthur, 23, following p. 110, 169, 170, 172–80, 182, 233, 377
map of, 166
and Panikkar, 173–75, 180–81
Panmunjom peace negotiations during, 11, 167, 180
photographs of, following p. 110
prisoners of war in, 167
and Soviet Union, 171, 172, 174, 178, 180, 181
Tuchman on, 23
and United Nations, 169, 171, 174, 178, 180
U.S. involvement in, 169–81
Willoughby in, 5<
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and Zhou Enlai, 172–74, 178, 180, 181
Kosygin, Alexi, 228, 229, 268
Kovach, Bill, 2124
Krogh, Egil, 363–64
Kuan, Bill, 87–89, 90n
Kuling, China, 52
Kung, David, 60
Kung, H. H., 60
Kuomintang (KMT) Party, 17–18, 21, 48, 119, 120, 374. See also Chiang Kai-shek; Chinese Civil War
Kurtz, Efrem, 191
Lake, Anthony, 267
Landay, Jonathan, 395
Lang Son, North Vietnam, 136–38, 142, 145
Langguth, A. J., 387
Laos: CIA in, 384
civil war in, 239
Communist victory in, 381, 384
Geneva Conference (1961) on, 204–5, 208, 339
Hmong people in, 384
journalists killed or missing in, 386
Pathet Lao in, 205, 208, 239, 381, 384
and SEATO, 186–87
Souvanna Phouma government in, 205, 208, 239, 384
Latin America: revolutionary struggle in, 215–16. See also Cuba; and other countries
Lattimore, Owen, 119, 155–56
Le Duan, 385, 388
Le Lieu, 382
Le Page, Marcel, 144–45
Ledovsky, Andrei M., 9, 31, 81, 95
Lend-Lease Act (1941), 19
Lenin, V. I., 202, 348
Lenya, Lotte, 191
Lepers, on Hainan Island, 115
Letter from China, 17
Levi, Arrigo, 200
Lewis, Anthony, 323–24
Li Mi, 71, 148–50
Li Na, 16
Li Tsung-jen, 42, 48, 79, 81–83, 86–87, 114, 121n
Li Xiannian, 368, 375, 376
Li Xiguang, 73n
Li Yen-nien, 62
Li Zuopeng, 365–66
Liao Heshu, 350
Liao Mosha, 302
Liao Yaohsiang, 42
Liberation Army Daily, 304
Liberation Daily, 108
Lichtblau, Eric, 396
Liddy, G. Gordon, 363, 364
Lieberman, Henry R. “Hank,” 49, 57, 89, 311
Life magazine, 136, 159, 326, 333
Lin Biao: compared with Mao, 44, 355–56
crossing of Yangtze by, 84
and Cultural Revolution, 307, 308, 341, 349, 355, 356
death of, 365–66
as defense minister, 303, 340, 341
and falling-out with Mao, 27, 44, 367
and Hainan Island battle, 113, 114–15, 118
health problems of, 338, 356
and Korean War, 172, 175, 178–79
leadership of, in China, 356–57
and Manchurian campaign, 26–28, 31–32, 35–39, 41–44, 55, 175
military career of, 26–27
photograph of, following p. 110
and Southeast China offensive during Chinese Civil War, 113–14
and surrender of Peking, 82
Lin Liguo, 366
Lin Tsun, 84
Lindner, Doris, 167
Lipkovski, Jean de, 162
Lippmann, Walter, 322
Liszt, Franz, 196
Liu Bocheng: and Battle of the Huai-Hai, 55–58, 62, 63, 67, 69, 70, 72
crossing of Yangtze by, 84
and Cultural Revolution, 340
Lin Biao denounced by, 367
military occupation of Nanking by, 92
as military strategist, 44, 340
opposition to, by Gang of Four, 299
photograph of, following p. 110
and Southeast China offensive during Chinese Civil War, 114
Liu Chih, 55, 56, 58, 62–67
Liu Ding, 376–77
Liu Ju-ming, 62–63
Liu, Peter, 109–10
Liu Shaoqi: compared with Mao, 302–3
and Cultural Revolution, 306–9, 337, 340, 348, 355, 356, 373
daughter Liu Tao’s denunciation of, 308–9, 376
death of, 309
exile of, 309
as general secretary of Chinese Communist Party, 15, 17
as head of state for Communist China, 200, 282, 299, 302–4, 306, 307, 357
and Ho Chi Minh and Viet Minh, 102–3
and Jiang Qing, 16
and Malaysia, 282
and Manchurian campaign during Chinese Civil War, 26, 27
on New Democracy for China, 24–25, 92–93, 303
photograph of, following p. 110
political rehabilitation of, after death, 376
and possible partnership between Communist China and U.S., 21
and Sino-Soviet split, 200
and ST, 24–25, 66
Liu Tao, 308–9
Loeb, Louis M., 331
Lon Nol, following p. 224, 255, 268–73, 276, 384, 392
London, 158, 165, 167, 190
London Daily Express, 64
London Daily Mail, 64
London Observer, 64
London Telegraph, 111–12
London Times, 3, 111, 274
Lotsberg, Roman L., 249
Lu Liwei, 90n
Lu Ping, 201, 304
Lu Zhiwei, 97–98
Luce, Henry, 52, 119, 326
Lukman, Mohammed H., 289
Luo Guibo, 102–3
Luong, Nguyen Van, 230–31
Ma Ching-yuan, 87–88
Ma Yuzhen, 346, 365
Ma Zhuzhen, 354
MacArthur, Douglas: and Chiang Kai-shek, 172
and Chinese Civil War, 78, 169–70
in Japan as Supreme Commander Allied Powers (SCAP), 169
and Korean War, 23, following p. 110, 169, 170, 172–80, 182, 233, 377
photograph of, following p. 110
recall of, from Korean War, 179
on Vietnam War, 208, 225
in World War II, 5
MacArthur, John R., 317
Macau, 378
MacDonald, Lachie, 64–65
MacFarquhar, Roderick, 372–73
Main, Jeremy, following p. 224
Malaya, 159, 282
Malaysia, 223, 278, 279, 280, 282, 295
Malik, Adam, 280, 294
Malinovsky, Rodion, 212
Manchuria: battle for, during Chinese Civil War, 30–36
Chiang Kai-shek’s strategy in, 38–44
Chinchow in, 41–43
disputes between Soviet Union and China over, 349, 377
fall of, during Chinese Civil War, 37–44, 78, 300
food shortages in, 39, 40
Japanese attack on, 48
Mukden in, 38–43, 78
refugees in, 39, 40
and Soviet Union during World War II, 22, 25–28, 30, 31, 81
ST in, 32–36, 38–40
Yalta Agreement on, 22
Mandarin Magazine, 297
Mao Anying, 182
Mao Zedong: and agricultural collectivization and People’s Communes, 68, 300, 301, 303, 340
American journalists’ interviews of, 16–17, 19–20
assassination plot against, 366–67
on atom bomb, 17
and Beijing, 6
Chengyangcha headquarters of, during Chinese Civil War, 29
Chiang Kai-shek on army of, as “Bandits,” 327
and Chinese Communist Party (CCP), 299
and CIA operation in Burma, 150
compared with Lin Biao, 44, 355–56
cult worship of, 306, 337, 338, 343
daughter of, 16, 29
death of, 68, 339, 372
execution of first wife of, 376
foreign policy of, 98–99, 101, 378, 390–91
and founding of People’s Republic of China, 90n, 103
and Gang of Four, 299, 309, 370
health of, 15–16, 338, 339, 365, 370
and Ho Chi Minh and French Indochina War, 102–3, 131, 133, 135, 142, 146, 150, 163, 170–71, 184, 377, 390–91
and Huai-Hai battle, 53, 55, 63, 71, 72
and Hundred Flowers Campaign (1957), 109
–10
and industrialization and Great Leap Forward, 299–300, 302, 303, 306, 339–40, 377
interpreters for, 351
Khrushchev’s ideological split with, 2, 17, 199–203, 302
and Korean War, 23, 101, 103–4, following p. 110, 146, 147, 169–83, 390–91
and Lin Biao, 44
and Malaysia, 282
on New Democracy, 24–25, 92–93, 105, 303
and Nixon, 200, 326, 349, 391
opposition to and limitations of, 299–302
photograph of, following p. 110
possible coalition government between Chiang’s Kuomintang and, 20–22, 26, 80–82
protracted war strategy of, 27, 37–38, 147, 227
public viewing of mummified body of, 375–76
purges by, 99, 108–10, 304–5, 307–9, 336, 339–44, 348, 367, 372, 374, 377
and Red Guards, 305, 307–9, 336, 338–44, 356, 374
and Ronning, 338
and Roosevelt, 20–23
significance of, 376, 377–78
and Sihanouk, 258–59, 338
and Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance, 101, 102, 117–18
and Snow, 325
ST interest in interview with, 1, 15, 61, 66, 70–71
and Stalin, 23, 25–28, 81–82, 95, 96, 98–99, 101, 117, 172, 201–2
and Stuart, 98–101, 103
successor for, 349, 355, 356, 365, 367, 368, 370
and Truman, 19–20, 23, 99, 102, 117–18, 390–91
and U.S. Army Observer Group, 20, 21, 23
and U.S. recognition of Communist China, 117–18
and Vietnam War, 207, 232, 377–78, 385
and war against Japan, 19, 21
and Wei Li-huang, 42
writings by, 24, 37–38, 105
Yenan headquarters of, during Chinese Civil War, 13–29, 301
and Yunnan operation in Burma, 149
Zhou Enlai’s relationship with, 303, 355–56. See also Chinese Civil War; Cultural Revolution; Jiang Qing
Maridan, Robert C., 358
Marines. See U.S. Marines
Mario Francesco, Padre, 75–77
Markham, James, 382–83
Marshall, George C.: on Chiang Kai-shek, 47–48
health problems of, 78
and Korean War, 175
mediation mission of, during Chinese Civil War, 7, 8, 11, 13, 17–19, 28–29, 31, 51, 72
and Stuart, 80–81
Martin, Graham, 382
Martin, Paul, 234, 237, 238
Marx, Karl, 348
Matak, Prince Sirik, 268, 272
Matheson, Jardine, 59
Mathews, Cleve, 316
Mattson, Walter, 320–21
McAuliff, John, 129
McCarthy, Joseph, 119, 120
McCarthyism, 34n, 119, 325
McClure, Robert B., 22
McGill, William J., 361
McGovern, George, 329
McNamara, Robert S., 126–27, 229, 232, 238, 240–41, 328, 360, 393
Medvedev, Dmitry, 4
Medvedev, Roy, 208
Meir, Golda, 311
Melby, John, 119
On the Front Lines of the Cold War Page 56
