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George Washington

Page 76

by David O. Stewart


  and Constitutional Convention, 294, 299, 300, 303

  and Conway Cabal, 231, 235

  and first constitutional government, 326

  and French neutrality crisis, 364, 365

  and increasing partisanship, 390–91

  and Jay Treaty, 378–80, 385–86

  and military appointments of Washington, 453n15

  and partisan divisions in America, 352

  and postwar economic challenges, 290

  and postwar governmental challenges, 274

  and Quasi War, 399

  and ratification of the Constitution, 305–6

  and residence-of-the-government debate, 341–42, 343

  resignation from Washington’s cabinet, 374

  and soldier pay and pensions, 269–71, 272, 488n35

  and Valley Forge, 244

  and Washington’s cabinet appointments, 383

  and Washington’s death, 410

  and Washington’s Farewell Address, 389–90

  and Washington’s presidential style, 320

  and Washington’s second term, 358–59

  and Washington’s severe personality, 501n8

  and Washington’s writing style, 19

  and Whiskey Rebellion, 368–70, 371

  Hancock, John, 202, 204, 508n39

  Hannibal of Carthage, 221

  Harrison, Benjamin, 188, 306

  Harvie, John, 487n19

  Henry, Patrick

  and acquisition of western lands, 8

  and antislavery sentiment, 403

  biographical sketch of, xvi

  and Conway Cabal, 485n24

  election to Virginia legislature, 528n13

  and Fairfax Resolves, 185–86

  and First Continental Congress, 188–89, 191–92

  and ratification of the Constitution, 306, 308, 309, 504n21

  and resistance to Coercive Acts, 181

  and Richmond Convention, 198–99

  and Robinson scandal, 147

  and shared waterway issues, 288

  and soldier pay and pensions, 272

  and Stamp Act taxes, 144

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 390

  Hercules (slave), 408, 409

  Hessians, 219, 222, 228, 256, 258, 260, 264

  Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 283

  House of Burgesses (Virginia)

  and Battle of Fort Necessity, 47

  and Braddock expedition, 50

  and committee of correspondence, 175

  and economic conflicts with Britain, 139–40, 168–69, 181

  election of Washington’s brother, 51

  and First Continental Congress, 194

  and funding for military, 37–38

  journal of, 462n33

  land ownership of members, 455n13

  and oratory skills, 460n2

  and political skills of Washington, 415–16

  reorganization of Virginia military, 76, 85

  and Robinson scandal, 147

  and Virginia’s currency problems, 169–70, 460n16

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 6, 13, 64, 71–72, 89, 97–98, 109–10, 117–18, 133–42, 173–74, 298, 315, 388, 390, 454n1

  Washington’s elections to, 108, 135–37

  and Washington’s family background, 8, 23

  and Williamsburg, 115

  See also Virginia Convention

  Howe, William, 222–23, 228–30, 251, 253–54

  Humphreys, David, 406

  Hunter, William, 115

  impressment of sailors, 375–77

  indentured servitude, 13, 152, 195, 465n13, 469n23

  Indians. See French and Indian War; specific individuals and tribes

  Innes, James, 43–44, 49

  Iroquois Confederacy, 47, 433n13

  Irvine, William, 512n32

  Jackson, William, 335, 337

  James River Company, 498n35

  Jay, John, 291, 294–95, 319, 323, 372, 376, 378, 389

  Jay Treaty, 376–77, 379, 383–85, 388, 390–91, 393, 398, 513n21, 522n7

  Jefferson, Thomas

  on aging of Washington, 516n2

  and antislavery sentiment, 403

  and Bank of the United States debate, 348–49, 516n15

  biographical sketch of, xvi

  and black descendants, 532n4

  and Compromise of 1790, 338–40, 340–42, 514n24

  and correspondence styles, 109

  and corruption allegations against Randolph, 380, 383, 517n7

  and criticisms of Washington, 388

  and economic conflicts with Britain, 139–40

  and first constitutional government, 326

  and French neutrality crisis, 363–65

  and Jay Treaty, 385

  and partisan divisions in America, 352

  and Potomac navigation project, 284, 285–86

  and ratification of the Constitution, 309

  and residence-of-the-government debate, 343

  resignation from Washington’s cabinet, 367, 372, 374, 517n7, 518n7

  and resistance to Coercive Acts, 181

  and Richmond Convention, 199

  on road-building in Virginia, 441n8

  and Robinson scandal, 147

  and Second Continental Congress, 202

  and Washington’s Farewell Address, 390–91

  on Washington’s horsemanship, 15

  and Washington’s humor, 517n8

  and Washington’s second term, 357, 358–59, 360

  Jenifer, Daniel of St. Thomas, 300

  Johnson, Thomas, xvii, 206, 514n29

  Johnson, William, 47

  Johnston, George, 463n4

  Jones, John Paul, 304

  Judge, Ona (slave), 409

  Kentucky, 308, 360

  Keppel, William Anne (Lord Albemarle), 432n28

  King, Rufus, 300

  Knollenberg, Bernhard, 468n21

  Knox, Henry

  background, 220–21

  biographical sketch of, xvii

  and conclusion of Revolution, 274

  and Constitutional Convention, 292–94, 295, 303–4

  and military appointments of Washington, 257, 453n15

  and organization of constitutional government, 319, 326

  and postwar economic challenges, 365

  and Quasi War, 399–400

  resignation from Washington’s cabinet, 374

  and seniority battles, 528n10

  and soldier pay and pensions, 270

  and Washington’s elections, 311–12

  and Washington’s presidential style, 323, 325

  and Washington’s resignation from command, 276

  Lady Washington (ship), 210

  Lafayette, Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de

  and antislavery sentiment, 404

  and Battle of Monmouth Court House, 264

  biographical sketch of, xvii

  and British evacuation of Philadelphia, 259–60

  and conclusion of Revolution, 275

  and Conway Cabal, 234, 235

  and early battles of the Revolution, 222

  and French Revolution, 363

  on Mary Washington, 15

  McHenry on, 491n14

  and military recommendations to Washington, 257

  and Quebec expedition, 236

  on Saratoga victory, 230

  and Valley Forge, 224

  Washington’s correspondence with, 308, 310

  on Washington’s marriage, 120

  on Washington’s retirement from military, 281, 283

  Lake Champlain, 236

 
Langdon, John, 338

  Lansing, John, 502n25

  Laurens, Henry

  and Battle of Monmouth Court House, 265

  biographical sketch of, xvii

  and British evacuation of Philadelphia, 260

  and Conway Cabal, 234, 235, 237–39

  on failings of Second Continental Congress, 242

  and First Continental Congress, 391

  and military recommendations to Washington, 257

  and soldier pay and pensions, 247

  Steuben’s reports to, 251

  and Valley Forge, 228–29, 246

  Laurens, John

  and antislavery sentiment, 403

  and Battle of Monmouth Court House, 264

  biographical sketch of, xvii

  and conclusion of Revolution, 275

  and Conway Cabal, 234, 237

  and First Continental Congress, 391

  praise of Washington, 491n26

  and Valley Forge, 249, 253–54, 255

  Law, Eliza, 413, 532n4

  Law, Thomas, 412, 413, 532n4

  Lear, Tobias, xvii, 337, 405, 407, 409, 410–12, 495n8

  Lee, Arthur, 171, 180, 310, 470n7

  Lee, Charles

  Attorney General appointment, 383, 515n32

  and Battle of Monmouth Court House, 261, 261–62, 265–66, 492nn33–34

  biographical sketch of, xvii

  and British evacuation of Philadelphia, 259–60

  conflicts with Washington, 220, 491n21

  court martial, 265–66

  death, 275

  and Fort Duquesne campaign, 53

  and land speculation, 116

  military background, 205

  and military recommendations to Washington, 257

  and military strategizing, 196, 200

  and organization of Continental Army, 207–8, 210

  Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 134

  Lee, Frank, 132

  Lee, Henry, III (“Light Horse Harry”), xvii–xviii, 310, 371, 372–73, 515n32

  Lee, Richard Bland, xviii, 344

  Lee, Richard Henry

  and antislavery sentiment, 403

  and Battle of Germantown, 481n17

  and Battle of Monmouth Court House, 266

  biographical sketch of, xviii

  and Conway Cabal, 233

  and economic conflicts with Britain, 139

  and Fairfax Resolves, 185

  and First Continental Congress, 189, 191, 194

  and onset of Revolution, 197

  and ratification of the Constitution, 306

  and resistance to British acts, 145, 170, 181, 463n11

  and Richmond Convention, 199

  and Second Continental Congress, 202, 243

  and Stephen’s career, 481n17

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 390

  Lee, William (“Billy”; valet), 132, 296, 413

  L’Enfant, Peter, 343

  Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania (Franklin), 156

  Lewis, Betty Washington

  biographical sketch of, xviii

  children of, 517n4

  death, 394

  illness, 295

  and Lawrence Washington’s estate, 433n20

  marriage, 25

  and resettlement of Mary Washington, 158

  and Washington’s family background, 16

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 120

  Lewis, Fielding, xviii, 25, 98, 158–59, 462n34

  Lexington, Massachusetts, 199–200, 273, 328

  Liston, Henrietta, 387, 391, 393, 397

  Little Hunting Creek, 13–14, 16–17. See also Mount Vernon

  Livingston, Robert, 313

  logistics and supply challenges

  and Battle of Monmouth Court House, 264

  and British control of Forks of the Ohio, 102–3

  and early battles of the Revolution, 223–24

  and French naval power, 252–53

  and Valley Forge, 225–29, 240–41, 244–47

  and Washington’s appointment to army command, 206

  Washington’s personal oversight of, 225–27

  Logstown conference, 30–31, 33–34

  London Magazine, 43

  Loring, Elizabeth, 228–29

  Loudoun, John Campbell, Earl of, 80

  Louisiana, 519n22

  Louis XV, King of France, 30

  Louis XVI, King of France, 362

  Lovell, James, 230, 233, 243–44, 245, 484n9

  Loyalists, 115–16, 200, 221, 256, 290, 428n1

  Mackay, James, 40, 44–45, 438n34

  Maclay, William, 320–21, 325, 335, 338, 342, 346

  Madison, James

  on Annapolis Conference, 498n35

  and antislavery sentiment, 403

  and Bank of the United States debate, 347, 348–49, 516n16

  biographical sketch of, xviii

  and Compromise of 1790, 339–40, 514n24

  and Constitutional Convention, 293–95, 297–98, 300–301, 303, 391

  and corruption allegations against Randolph, 383

  criticism of John Adams, 505n34

  and French neutrality crisis, 364

  and partisan divisions in America, 352–53

  and political opposition to Washington, 374

  and postwar economic challenges, 333–35

  and postwar geopolitical challenges, 291–92

  and Potomac navigation project, 286–87

  and ratification of the Constitution, 306, 308–9

  and residence-of-the-government debate, 331–32, 341–43

  and shared waterway issues, 288

  and trade embargoes, 375

  and Washington’s death, 410

  and Washington’s Farewell Address, 389

  and Washington’s presidency, 310, 314, 322–23, 358

  and Washington’s writing style, 19

  Maine, 377, 393

  manumission of slaves, 403, 408, 531n23

  Marshall, John, 8, 528n13

  Marshall, Thomas, 462n34

  Martin, Thomas Bryan, 98, 108

  Maryland, 286, 287–88, 290, 343–44

  Mason, George

  and antislavery sentiment, 403

  biographical sketch of, xviii

  and boycott enforcement, 196

  and Constitutional Convention, 297–98, 303, 306, 374

  and Fairfax Resolves, 182–84

  judicial service of, 152, 465n14

  and laws on treatment of slaves, 131

  opposition to ratification of Constitution, 303, 306, 374

  and Potomac navigation project, 195

  and ratification of the Constitution, 306

  and resistance to Townshend duties, 168–72

  and shared waterway issues, 288

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 6, 71, 149, 390

  and Washington’s land acquisitions, 162

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 121

  Massachusetts, 292, 303, 307, 322, 403, 514n22

  Massachusetts Assembly, 403

  McClurg, James, 297, 502n15, 506n51

  McHenry, James, xviii, 303, 383, 400, 491n14, 506n51

  McKenzie, Robert, 193

  Mease, James, 227–28

  Mercer, George, 80–81, 101, 108, 136, 196

  Mercer, Hugh, 275

  Methodists, 403, 404–5

  Miami Indians, 30, 433n13

  Middleton, Henry, 187

  Mifflin, Thomas, 232

  and Board of War/Conway Cabal, 231–35, 236–38, 243, 246–47, 251, 266, 484n9

  and C
onstitutional Convention, 299

  and Continental Army supply problems, 227

  and First Continental Congress, 192

  and Shays Rebellion, 370–71

  and Washington’s resignation from command, 276–77

  and Washington’s second term, 359

  militia units

  and British evacuation of Philadelphia, 258

  Hamilton’s criticism of, 512n3

  and Indian raids, 140

  Militia Act, 370

  and onset of Revolution, 196, 198–203

  and recruitment and supply challenges, 50–53, 77–78, 84

  and slave insurrections, 131

  and Washington’s appointment to army command, 206

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 8

  Washington’s uniform designs, 208

  Mingo Indians, 44, 433n13

  Mississippi Land Company, 161, 162, 466n1

  Mississippi River, 291, 369, 371, 384, 519n22

  Monongahela River, 286

  Monroe, James, 309, 340–41, 377, 385–86, 400, 410

  Morgan, Daniel, 221, 267–68, 371, 453n15

  Morgan, Edmund, 449n5

  Morocco, 384. See also Barbary pirates

  Morris, Gouverneur

  and conditions at Valley Forge, 245

  and Constitutional Convention, 301, 302

  and Conway Cabal, 486n37, 487n19

  and ratification of the Constitution, 305–6

  recalled from France, 385–86

  and soldier pay and pensions, 269, 270, 272–73

  and Washington’s election, 310

  and Washington’s severe personality, 501n8

  Morris, Mary, 345

  Morris, Robert

  and Bank of the United States debate, 345

  and Compromise of 1790, 338, 340

  and Constitutional Convention, 297–98, 301

  and residence-of-the-government debate, 331–32

  and soldier pay and pensions, 269, 270–73

  and treaty powers conflict, 325

  on Washington’s retirement from military, 283

  Morristown, New Jersey, 220

  Mount Vernon, 156

  and agricultural production, 154, 282–83, 402

  and conclusion of Revolution, 268

  distillery at, 128, 393, 400

  family life at, 120–23, 125

  fox hunting at, 283

  Jack Washington’s management of, 80

  leasing of farm lands, 357–58

  and Martha’s arrival, 119–20

  and onset of Revolution, 199–200

  origins of, 13–14, 17

  renovations and improvements, 88, 105, 114, 119–20, 123–24, 178–79, 393

  and residence-of-the-government debate, 343

  slavery at, 124, 282, 393, 400–402, 406–7, 532n4, 532n7

 

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