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George Washington

Page 78

by David O. Stewart


  and Washington’s legacy, 416

  and Washington’s second term, 375

  Unites States Department of State, 346, 365

  Unites States House of Representatives, 300–301, 310, 334, 358, 384, 385

  Unites States Marshals Service, 370

  Unites States Senate, 300, 313, 321–23, 324–25, 339, 344, 347, 377–79

  Unites States Supreme Court, 326, 364, 370, 380, 412–13

  Valley Forge

  and African American soldiers, 403

  and “Committee in Camp,” 242–47, 344

  logistics and supply challenges, 223–25, 225–29, 227

  Martha Washington’s arrival at, 235

  and military training, 248–52

  and scope of Washington’s accomplishments, 11, 215

  and Steuben’s military training, 248–52, 257, 489n10

  war council at, 251–55

  Washington’s return to, 302

  and winter weather, 240–41

  Van Braam, Jacob, 33, 46

  Vandalia colony, 163

  Vindication (Randolph), 382–83

  Virginia

  and antislavery sentiment, 403

  and Compromise of 1790, 338, 343–44

  ethnicities of settlers, 13, 23, 98, 164, 431n16

  and Lord Fairfax’s land holdings, 428n5

  and onset of Revolution, 198

  and postwar economic challenges, 290

  and ratification of the Constitution, 305–9

  and regional dynamics of constitutional governance, 322

  and residence-of-the-government debate, 330

  and slavery issue, 404–5

  and Washington’s appointment to army command, 205–6

  and Washington’s second term, 359

  and waterway improvement projects, 286, 287–88

  Virginia Assembly, 144, 164, 403

  Virginia Convention, 184–85. See also House of Burgesses (Virginia)

  Virginia Gazette, 79–80, 146, 162, 265, 402–3

  Virginia Plan, 298, 299

  Virginia Regiment

  and Battle of Monongahela, 5

  British colleagues of Washington, 193

  and corruption charges against Stephen, 141

  and electoral politics, 135–36

  morale and attrition problems, 84–85, 89, 131

  and Potomac navigation project, 286

  relationship with British military, 8

  reorganization of, 50–51, 67–68

  and soldier pay and pensions, 134–35

  and Stephen’s military career, 481n17

  surgeon of, 122

  and Washington’s career trajectory, 9, 11, 64, 69–71, 102–4, 113–14, 116–17, 152, 154, 179, 184, 211, 415

  and Washington’s illnesses, 3–4

  Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 246

  Ward, Artemas, 204, 207–8, 210

  Ward, Samuel, 187–88, 190, 192

  war debts

  and British taxes on colonies, 141

  and currency disputes, 139–40

  and end of Seven Years’ War, 137–38

  and French ship seizures, 518n7

  and postwar economic challenges, 289–90

  and soldier pay and pensions, 488n35

  and Stamp Act, 151

  and Washington’s first term, 329

  See also assumption-of-debt debate

  Washington, Anne Fairfax, xix, 18, 20, 23, 25, 51, 108, 429n7

  Washington, Augustine (Gus), xix, 5, 13–19, 110, 492n4

  Washington, Augustine (Austin), Jr.

  biographical sketch of, xix

  death, 137, 492n4

  education, 427n16

  gambling, 25

  and indentured servants, 465n13

  and land acquisitions, 24

  and Lawrence Washington’s estate, 32

  political career, 8, 51, 71

  Washington’s correspondence with, 79–80, 443n42

  and Washington’s education, 428n1

  and Washington’s estate management, 196

  and Washington’s family background, 13–14, 17

  and Washington’s military career, 64–65

  Washington, Bushrod, xix–xx, 284, 294, 308, 412–14, 532n7

  Washington, Charles

  biographical sketch of, xx

  death, 397

  forbidden from military service, 80

  and resettlement of Mary Washington, 158

  and Washington’s family background, 16

  and Washington’s land acquisitions, 468n15

  and Washington’s retirement from presidency, 394

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 121

  Washington, Ferdinand, 493n4

  Washington, Frances (Fanny) Bassett (Lear), xx, 295

  Washington, George

  aging and declining abilities, 357, 516n2

  ambition, 5, 10, 92, 153, 164–65, 452n13

  annual messages to Congress, 348, 366, 369, 373, 383, 393, 519n12

  birth and birthday celebrations, 14, 384

  courtship and marriage, 89–92, 105, 108, 110

  criticisms of, 215, 388, 481n17, 482n1, 505n34

  death, 9, 410–13, 531n1

  dental problems, 22–23, 173, 273–74, 283, 295, 321, 346, 373, 393

  descendants of siblings, 517n4

  education, 18–19, 428n1, 464n6

  family background, 5–9, 13–17

  Farewell Address, 389–90, 391–93, 416

  finances, 51, 53, 124, 137–38, 312, 345

  health problems, 3–4, 6–8, 31–32, 58–59, 136–37, 314, 324, 344, 531n1

  hearing problems, 321

  heroism, 11–12

  horsemanship, 15, 427n13

  and importance of Fairfax connections, 5–6, 8, 16, 18–24, 26, 32–33, 38, 53, 83, 92, 98, 108, 429n7

  inaugural addresses, 314–15, 357, 366, 506n53

  Indian honorific, 435n12

  and land surveying, 21–22, 24–26, 29–33, 51, 162–63

  management of estates, 125–28, 225, 244, 289, 309–10, 326, 366

  marriage, 7–9, 89–92, 105, 108, 110 (see also Washington, Martha Dandridge)

  physical fitness and appearance of, 21–23, 25, 189–90, 373, 445n28, 527n3

  popularity, 327, 352–53 (see also mythical status of Washington)

  presidential tour of the country, 327–28, 351–52, 416

  religious engagement, 149–50, 464n5, 533n8

  resignation from command, 275–78

  sketch of, 389

  and slavery issue, 124, 282, 393, 400–402, 406–7, 457n27, 458n14, 532n8

  sponsorship of schooling, 498n35

  work ethic, 10, 125, 374, 398

  See also specific topics throughout index

  Washington, George Augustine, xx, 281, 295–96, 357–58

  Washington, George Steptoe, 493n4

  Washington, Harriott, 493n4

  Washington, John (great-grandfather), 435n12

  Washington, John (Jack) Augustine

  biographical sketch of, xx

  death of, 294

  and electoral campaigns, 136

  and importance of Fairfax connections, 20, 108

  and land acquisitions, 161

  marriage, 80

  son (see Washington, Bushrod)

  and Washington family dynamics, 120

  Washington’s correspondence with, 43, 53, 58, 196–97, 207, 267, 294

  and Washington’s family background, 16

  and Washington’s political ambitions, 71–72

  Washington, Lawrence

  biographical
sketch of, xx

  and Cartagena expedition, 16–17, 37

  conflict with Anglican minister, 429n7

  convalescence in Bermuda, 29–30

  death and estate of, 23–28, 32, 51, 86, 122–23, 124, 137, 178, 281, 434n20, 456n3, 492n4

  and importance of Fairfax connections, 5–6, 20–21, 108

  and land surveying, 22, 24, 431n12

  marriage, 18

  and Mount Vernon expansion, 119

  and Ohio Company, 30

  political career of, 8

  slaves held by, 425n4, 433n20

  and Washington’s family background, 13–14

  and Washington’s formative years, 5, 16–17, 20–21, 110

  and Washington’s political ambitions, 71–72, 92

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 174

  Washington, Lawrence Augustine, 493n4

  Washington, Lund, xx, 128, 154, 161, 178, 404, 408, 459n31

  Washington, Martha Dandridge, 414

  and children’s upbringing, 122–23

  contrasted with Mary Washington, 114

  courtship and marriage, 7, 89–92, 105, 108, 110

  and daughter’s illness, 158, 170, 176–77

  and first constitutional government, 328

  gifts from Washington, 304

  holiday travels, 128

  and management challenges at Mount Vernon, 90, 120, 358

  Peale portrait of, 173, 177

  and Philadelphia presidential mansion, 345

  and Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic, 365

  properties and estate of, 114–15, 124, 134, 406

  relationship with Mary Washington, 121

  “six-chimney house,” 115, 459n1

  and slavery issue, 408–9

  and son’s death, 268

  and son’s engagement, 175, 178

  and theater outings, 385

  at Valley Forge, 235

  and Washington family dynamics, 120, 121

  and Washington’s appointment to army command, 207, 210

  and Washington’s death, 410–12, 412–13

  and Washington’s election, 312

  and Washington’s illness, 335

  and Washington’s presidential style, 321

  and Washington’s public service ethic, 295–96

  and Washington’s relationship with Sally Fairfax, 105–8

  and the Washingtons’ social life, 121, 154–55, 155–56, 281–83

  Washington, Mary Ball

  biographical sketch of, xx–xxi

  contrasted with Martha Washington, 114

  death and estate, 327, 404

  and education, 18, 19, 428n6

  and financial stresses, 296

  Fredericksburg home, 158–59, 185

  illness, 295–96, 311

  management of Ferry Farm, 24, 33

  and marriage of Jack Washington, 178

  opposition to military service, 20–21, 80, 110, 429n9

  and slave holdings, 128

  and wartime anxieties, 281–82

  and Washington family dynamics, 120–21, 196, 294, 456n10

  and Washington’s family background, 13–15, 17

  and Washington’s marriage, 90–91

  and Washington’s military service, 67–68

  and Washington’s move to Mount Vernon, 51

  Washington’s wartime correspondence with, 443n42

  Washington, Samuel, xxi, 16, 492n4

  Wayne, Anthony, 224, 259, 262–64, 360, 367, 371–72, 481n17

  Welch, James, 528n17

  West, John, 149, 152, 196–97

  West Indies, 184, 522n7

  Wheatley, Phillis, 403

  Whiskey Rebellion, 346–47, 360, 368–73, 380, 382, 388, 391, 399

  White, Alexander, 344

  White, William, 525n1

  Widow Washington, The (Saxton), 428n1

  Wilkinson, James, 231–32

  Williamsburg, Virginia, 29, 36, 115–16, 133, 144, 430n3

  Wilson, James, 202, 370

  Wolcott, Oliver, 374, 380–81, 523n25

  Wythe, George, 297

  Xenophon, 155, 427n13

  XYZ Affair, 398–400

  Yates, Robert, 502n25

  Yeates, Jasper, 371

  yellow fever, 365, 369

  Young, Arthur, 407

  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

  About the Author

  David O. Stewart turned to writing after a career practicing law in Washington, DC, defending accused criminals and challenging government actions as unconstitutional. He is a national-bestselling and award-winning author of four previous books on American history and three historical mysteries. He was the founding president of the Washington Independent Review of Books.

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