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Executive Secrets Page 30

by William J. Daugherty


  Schwartau, Winn. Information Warfare: Chaos on the Electronic Superhighway. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1994.

  Shultz, George P. Triumph and Turmoil: My Years as Secretary of State. New York: Scribner’s, 1993.

  Sick, Gary. All Fall Down: America’s Tragic Encounter with Iran. New York: Random House, 1985.

  Smist, Frank J., Jr. Congress Oversees the United States Intelligence Community. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1994.

  Smith, Joseph Burkholder. Portrait of a Cold Warrior. New York: G.P. Putnam’s, 1976.

  Thomas, Evan. The Very Best Men: Four Who Dared: The Early Years of the CIA. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.

  Trento, Joseph J. The Secret History of the CIA. Roseville, CA: Prima/Forum Publishing, 2001.

  Treverton, Gregory F. Covert Action: The CIA and American Intervention in the Postwar World. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd., 1987.

  Turner, Stansfield. Secrecy and Democracy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.

  ———. Terrorism and Democracy. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1985.

  Twentieth Century Fund. The Need to Know: The Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Covert Action and American Democracy. New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1992.

  Walsh, Lawrence E. Firewall: The Iran-Contra Conspiracy and Cover-Up. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997.

  Warner, Michael, ed. Central Intelligence: Origin and Evolution. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2001. The Web version, which is full-length (and used for this work) may be accessed at www.odci.gov/csi/pub.html.

  ———. The CIA Under Harry Truman. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 1994.

  Warner, Roger. Shooting the Moon: The Story of America’s War in Laos. South Royal, VT: Steerforth Press, 1996.

  Weber, Ralph E., ed. Spymasters: Ten CIA Officers in Their Own Words. Wilmington, DE: Scholarly Resources Books, 1999.

  Weigley, Russell F. The American Way of War. New York: MacMillan, 1973.

  West, Nigel. The Third Secret: The CIA, Solidarity and the KGB’s Plot to Kill the Pope. London: HarperCollins, 2001.

  Wicker, Tom. One of Us: Richard Nixon and the American Dream. New York: Random House, 1991.

  Wise, David, and Thomas B. Ross. The Espionage Establishment. New York: Random House, 1967.

  Woodward, Bob. VEIL: The Secret Wars of the CIA, 1981–1987. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987.

  Yergin, Daniel. Shattered Peace. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977.

  JOURNAL ARTICLES

  Anderson, Elizabeth E. “The Security Dilemma and Covert Action: The Truman Years,” 11 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 4 (Winter 1998–1999): 403–27.

  Aspin, Les. “Covert Action: Questions to Consider,” 6 First Principles (May 1981): 9–11.

  Barrett, David M. “Congress, The CIA, and Guatemala,” 45 Studies In Intelligence 10 (Winter–Spring 2001, Unclassified Edition): 23–30.

  Barry, James A. “Managing Covert Political Action: Guideposts From Just War Theory,” 36 Studies In Intelligence 5 (Fall 1992, Unclassified Edition): 19–30.

  Berkowitz, Bruce D., and Allen E. Goodman. “The Logic of Covert Action,” National Interest 51 (Spring 1998): 38–46.

  Bernstein, Carl. “The Holy Alliance,” Time 24 February 1992, 28.

  Bittman, Ladislav. “The Use of Disinformation by Democracies,” 4 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2 (Summer 1990): 243–61.

  Bloomfield, Lincoln P., Jr. “The Legitimacy of Covert Action: Sorting Out the Moral Responsibilities,” 4 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 4 (Winter 1990): 525–37.

  Bruemmer, Russell J., and Marshall H. Silverberg. “The Impact of the Iran-Contra Matter on Congressional Oversight of the CIA,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 219–43.

  Bukovsky, Vladimir. “Secrets of the Central Committee,” Commentary (October 1996) at www.commentarymagazine.com/9610/bukovsky.html (accessed 28 December 2000).

  Chomeau, John B. “Covert Action’s Proper Role in US Policy,” 2 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 3 (Fall 1988): 407–13.

  Cinquegrana, America R. “Dancing in the Dark: Accepting the Invitation to Struggle in the Context of ‘Covert Action,’ the Iran-Contra Affair and the Intelligence Oversight Process,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 177–209.

  Cline, Ray S. “Covert Action as a Presidential Prerogative,” 12 Harvard Journal for Law and Public Policy 2 (Spring 1989): 357–70.

  Cogan, Charles G. “Covert Action and Congressional Oversight: A Deontology,” 16 Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 2 (April 1993): 87–97.

  Cohen, William S. “Congressional Oversight of Covert Actions,” 2 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2 (Summer 1988): 115–62.

  Colby, William E. “The CIA’s Covert Action,” The Center Magazine (March–April 1975): 71–80.

  Collins, J. Foster, and B. Hugh Tover. “Sukarno’s Apologists Write Again,” 9 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 3 (Fall 1996): 337–57.

  Damrosch, Lori Fisler. “Covert Operations,” 84 American Journal of International Law (October 1989): 795–805.

  Earl, Robert L. “A Matter of Principle,” US Naval Institute Proceedings (February 1983): 30–36.

  Fein, Bruce E. “The Constitution and Covert Action,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 53–68.

  Gasiorowski, Mark J. “The 1953 Coup D’Etat in Iran,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 19 (1987): 261–86.

  ———. “The Qarani Affair and Iranian Politics,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 25 (1993): 626–44.

  Gavin, Francis J. “Politics, Power, and US Policy in Iran, 1950–1953,” Journal of Cold War Studies 1 (Winter 1999): 56–89.

  Godson, Roy, and James J. Wirtz. “Strategic Denial and Deception,” 13 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 4 (Winter 2000): 425–37.

  Goodman, Allan E. “Does Covert Action Have a Future?” 18 Parameters: The Journal of the US Army War College (June 1988): 74–88.

  Gorst, Anthony, and W. Scot Lucas. “The Other Collusion: Operation Straggle and Anglo-American Intervention in Syria, 1955–56,” 4 Intelligence and National Security 3 (July 1989): 576–95.

  Gustafson, Kristian C. “CIA Machinations in Chile in 1970: Reexamining the Record,” 47 Studies In Intelligence 3 (2003, Unclassified Edition): 35–50.

  Gunter, Michael M. “The Iraqi Opposition and the Failure of US Intelligence,” 12 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2 (Summer 1999): 135–67.

  Halperin, Morton H. “Decision-Making for Covert Operations,” Society (March–April 1975): 45–51.

  ———. “Prohibiting Covert Operations,” 12 First Principles 2 (April 1987).

  Hitchens, Christopher. “Unlawful, Unelected, and Unchecked,” 283 Harpers 1967 (October 1991): 59–64.

  Holland, Max. “The Power of Disinformation: The Lie That Linked CIA to the Kennedy Assassination,” 45 Studies In Intelligence 11 (Fall-Winter 2001, Unclassified Edition): 5–17.

  Horton, John. “Reflections on Covert Action and its Anxieties,” 4 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 1 (Spring 1990): 77–90.

  Hulnick, Arthur S. “United States Covert Action: Does It Have a Future?” 9 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence (Summer 1996): 145–54

  Isenberg, David. “The Pitfalls of US Covert Operations,” Policy Analysis, 118 (7 April 1989).

  Johnson, Loch. “Covert Action and Accountability: Decision-Making for America’s Secret Foreign Policy,” 33 International Studies Quarterly (March 1989): 81–109.

  ———. “On Drawing a Bright Line for Covert Operations,” 86 American Journal of International Law 2 (October 1989): 284–309.

  Knott, Stephen F. “The Great Republican Transformation in Oversight,” 13 Internation
al Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 1 (Spring 2000): 49–63.

  Laqueur, Walter. “The Future of Intelligence,” 35 Society 2 (January 1988): 301–10.

  Love, Richard A. “The Cyberthreat Continuum,” Beyond Sovereignty: Issues for a Global Agenda. New York: Worth Publishers, 1999.

  Manget, Fred F. “Presidential Powers and Foreign Intelligence Operations,” 5 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2 (Summer 1991): 131–53.

  O’Brien, Kevin A. “Interfering With Civil Society: CIA and KGB Covert Political Action during the Cold War,” 8 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 4 (Winter 1995): 431–56.

  Onate, Benjamin F. “What Did Truman Say About CIA,” Studies In Intelligence, Fall 1973 (unclassified article in an otherwise classified edition; unclassified article is in the possession of this author).

  Peake, Hayden B. “Harry S Truman on CIA Covert Operations,” 25 Studies In Intelligence 1 (Spring 1980): 31–41, and 97.

  Perry, David L. “Repugnant Philosophy: Ethics, Espionage, and Covert Action,” Journal of Conflict Studies (Spring 1995), at www.home.earthlink.net/~davidlperry/covert.htm (accessed on 28 December 2000).

  Pforzheimer, Walter. “Remarks of Dr. Walter Pforzheimer,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 143–48.

  Pike, John. “The CIA Budget,” Federation of American Scientists, at www.fas.org/irp/cia/ciabud.htm (accessed 7 August 2002).

  Rindskopf, Elizabeth. “Intelligence Oversight in a Democracy,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 21–30.

  Ritchie, James. “Covert Propaganda in the Cold War,” University of Wales Aberystwqyth: http://users.aber.ac.uk/scty34/50/coldprop.htm (accessed 4 July 2002).

  Rivkin, David B., Jr. “Intelligence Oversight and Congress: Practical and Constitutional Considerations,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 31–46.

  Sayle, Edward F. “The Déjà Vu of American Secret Diplomacy,” 2 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 3 (Fall 1998): 399–406.

  Shulsky, Abram N. “The Iran-Contra Affair and the Intelligence Oversight Process,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 245–54.

  Silver, Daniel B. “The Uses and Abuses of Intelligence Oversight,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 7–20.

  Simmons, Robert Ruhl. “Intelligence Policy and Performance in Reagan’s First Term: A Good Record or Bad?” 4 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 1 (Spring 1990): 1–22.

  Snider, L. Britt. “Remarks of L. Britt Snider,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 47–52.

  Stafford, Thomas T. “Hidden in Plain Sight: Searching for the CIA’s ‘New Missions.’” 13 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2 (Summer 2000): 144–59.

  Stern, Gary. “Covert Action and the Bush Administration,” 15 First Principles 1 (February 1990): 4–5.

  Strong, J. Thompson. “Covert Activities and Intelligence Operations: Congressional and Executive Roles Defined,” 1 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2 (Summer 1986): 63–72.

  Tenet, George J. “The CIA and the Security Challenges of the New Century,” 13 International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence 2 (Summer 2000): 133–44.

  Treverton, Gregory F. “Covert Action: From ‘Covert’ to Overt,” Daedalus 116 (Spring 1987).

  Turner, Robert F. “Coercive Covert Action and the Law,” 20 Yale Journal of International Law 2 (Summer 1995): 427–49.

  ———. “The Constitution and the Iran-Contra Affair: Was Congress the Real Lawbreaker?” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 83–127.

  Tuttle, Andrew C. “Secrecy, Covert Action, and Counterespionage: Intelligence Challenges for the 1990s,” 12 Harvard Journal for Law and Public Policy 2 (Spring 1989): 523–40.

  Warner, Michael. “Origins of the Congress for Cultural Freedom, 1949–50,” Studies In Intelligence (1996, Unclassified Edition). The Web version, which is full-length (and used for this work) may be accessed at www.odci.gov/csi/studies/95unclass/Warner.html.

  Weiss, Guy W. “The Farewell Dossier,” Studies In Intelligence (1996, Unclassified Edition), located at www.odci.gov/csi/studies/96unclass/farewell.htm (accessed on 11 August 2002).

  Willard, Richard K. “Law and the National Security Decision-Making Process in the Reagan Administration,” 11 Houston Journal of International Law 1 (Fall 1988): 129–42.

  NEWSPAPER / NEWSMAGAZINE ARTICLES

  Adams, James. “All the Presidents’ Methods,” (London) Sunday Times, Overseas News, 9 February 1997, 1.

  ———. “Clinton Considers Covert Operations Against Haiti,” (London) Sunday Times, Overseas News, 3 July 1994, 1.

  Andrew, Christopher. “Focus Espionage: Apply the Test of Shame as It Has Its Uses, but Much of America’s Covert Action Has Been Immoral and Counter-Productive,” (London) Sunday Telegraph, 22 October 1995, 32.

  Arkin, William M. “The Secret War: Frustrated by Intelligence Failures, the Defense Department Is Dramatically Expanding Its ‘Black World’ of Covert Action,” Los Angeles Times, 27 October 2002. Accessed on the World Wide Web on 23 November 2002 at http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/doc/224237991.html.

  Associated Press. “Reagan Gave CIA Agents Wide Powers; Anti-Terrorism Orders Called License to Kill,” San Diego Union-Tribune, 5 October 1988, A1.

  ———. “US Grab for Noriega Was Scrapped; Plan Dropped as Coup Fizzled, Officials Say,” San Diego Union-Tribune, 9 October 1989, A1.

  Baker, Russell W. “CIA: Out of Control,” The Village Voice, 10 September 1991.

  Bamford, James. “CIA Gets Billing Again in Nicaragua, as Covert Action Becomes the Norm,” Los Angles Times, 5 October 1986, part 5, 1.

  Barber, Lionel. “White House Puts the Blame on Congress,” The Financial Times (London), Sect. 1, 3.

  Bearden, Milt. “Lessons From Afghanistan,” New York Times, 2 March 1998, A17.

  Berkowitz, Bruce D. “Operation Backfire: Covert Action Against Milosevic Is Neither Secret nor Smart,” Washington Post, 18 July 1999, B01.

  Blum, William, and David N. Gibbs (trs.). “Les Révélations d’un Ancien Conseilleur de Carter,” Le Nouvel Observateur, 15–21 January 1998 (located on www.gened.arizona.edu/gibbs/brerzinski_interview.htm, accessed 18 March 2002).

  Brauchli, Christopher. “Best Kept Secrets Found in Newspapers,” Tampa Tribune, 24 February 1996, 15.

  Carver, George A. “Covert Action: It’s Necessary but It Must Be Used Precisely,” San Diego Union-Tribune, 16 August 1987, C-1.

  DeWine, Michael. “Views of the Strike Against Libya,” New York Times, 23 April 1986, A23.

  Dobbs, Michael. “US Advice Guided Milosevic Opposition,” Washington Post, 11 December 2000, A1.

  Editorial. “Covert Action in Nicaragua?” Christian Science Monitor, 11 March 1982, 24.

  ———. “Change the CIA: End the Covert Action Role,” USA Today, 18 September 1991, 10A.

  ———. “Let’s Outlaw Covert Action Before It Destroys US, New York Times, 12 October 1989, A22.

  ———. “No Pentagon Propaganda,” USA Today, 18 December 2002, A12.

  ———. “Restricting the President on Covert Action is Too Dangerous,” Washington Post, 3 September 1988, A25.

  Gerstenzang, James. “Reagan Reportedly Authorizes New Action,” Los Angeles Times, 27 July 1988, Part 1, 5.

  Getler, Michael. “Hill Panel Protests CIA Covert Plan; CIA Plan Draws Written Protest From Hill Panel,” Washington Post, 25 July 1981, A1.

  Godson, Roy. “Focus—Espionage: Dirty Tricks, Inc,” (London) Sunday Telegraph, 22 October 1995, 32.

  Goodman, Alan E. “Covert Action Is Overdue for a Cost-Benefit Analysis,” Los Angeles Times, 21 October 1986, Metro 5.

  Goodman, Melvin A. “CIA Covert Actions—An Overt Failure,” Christian Science Monitor, 1 November 1996, 18.

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nbsp; Gordon, Michael. “Bush and Senators Meet on Coup that Failed,” New York Times, 12 October 1989, A12.

  Grier, Peter. “US Is Beefing Up Its Covert Activities,” Christian Science Monitor, 19 March 1985, 20.

  Hoagland, Jim. “The Costs of Covert Action,” Washington Post, 19 October 1989, A27.

  Hoffman, David, and John M. Goshko. “Administration Sought Funds Last Spring for Covert Action,” Washington Post, 11 October 1989, A1.

  Horrock, Nicholas M. “Senate Intelligence Panel Calls for a Law to Curb Covert Action as Implement of Foreign Policy,” New York Times, 27 April 1976 (www.nytimes.com/library/national/042276realcia.html; accessed 4 July 2002).

  Houston, Lawrence R. “Hillenkoetter’s Lawful Resort to Covert Action,” New York Times, 26 July 1982, A14.

  Ignatius, David. “Innocence Abroad: The New World of Spyless Coups,” Washington Post, 22 September 1991, C1.

  Kennedy, William V. “A History of Covert Activities Backfiring,” Toronto Star, 27 August 1987.

  ———. “Let’s Outlaw CIA-Style Covert Action Before it Destroys US,” New York Times, 27 June 1990, A22.

  Lardner, George, Jr. “History of U.S-Greek Ties Blocked: CIA Opposes Disclosure of Proposed Covert Actions in ’60s,” Washington Post, 17 August 2001, A21.

  ———. “House Rejects an Effort to Cut Off Funds for Angola Rebels; Bush Administration Is Urged to Drop Secrecy Surrounding CIA’s Biggest Covert Aid Programs,” Washington Post, 18 October, A30.

  ———. “Restrictions Approved on Covert Action; Bush Signs Revision of CIA Oversight,” Washington Post, 16 August 1991, A22.

  ———. “Tighter Rein on Covert Action Urged,” Washington Post, 5 May 1992, A23.

  Leahy, Patrick J. “CIA, Covert Action, and Congressional Oversight,” Christian Science Monitor, 31 March 1988, 13.

  Lefever, Ernest W. “Don’t Reject Covert Action,” USA Today, 18 September 1991, 10A.

  Loeb, Vernon. “Whatever America’s Role Was in Chile That Fateful Day in 1973, Retired CIA Spy Jack Devine Knows the Truth,” Washington Post, 17 September 2000, F1.

  Los Angeles Times. “Bush Approved Covert Action by CIA to Halt Spread of Arms; Secret Finding Noted Change in Threat to US,” reprinted in the Washington Post, 21 June 1992, A20.

 

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