Imperial Germany and the Great War, 1914–1918
Page 37
Index
Abyssinia 102
AEG see German General Electric Company
Afghanistan 102
Africa 3, 95, 102, 118
Aisne, river 29, 209
Algeria 102
All Quiet on the Western Front (Erich Maria Remarque) 122, 236
Alps 202
Alsace-Lorraine 6, 26, 28, 84, 115, 119
Amiens 209
Anatolia 101, 103
Anglophobia 47
anti-Semitism 151–152, 255
Antwerp 140
Apocalyptic City (Ludwig Meidner) 161
Arabs 102
Argentina 41
Arizona 195
Armenians 103–104
Arras 60, 197–198, 200
Artois 58
Asia 95, 190
askaris 97
Atlantic Ocean 107, 109
atrocities 83–85, 103, 118, 156
Augsburg 183
Austria-Hungary 10–11, 13, 53, 54–57, 60, 72, 92–93, 101, 186, 194, 196, 200, 213, 222, 223, 224–226
army 29, 55, 57, 60, 70, 71, 72, 77, 84, 93, 202, 213, 224–225
strike, Vienna, January 1918 183
Auxiliary Service Law 81–82, 134, 176, 181, 182
Baden 6, 43, 119
Baghdad 101
Balkan Wars 100
Balkans 3
Baltic provinces 60, 118, 186, 190, 195, 200
German occupation 85, 90–91
Baltic Sea 114
Barbarossa, Friedrich 233
Barmen 130
Bavaria 6, 19, 34, 50, 172, 189
Bayer 1, 39
Beckmann, Max 161, 162
“beer-hall putsch” 232
Beethoven, Ludwig van 156, 159
Belfort 20
Belgian Congo 97
Belgium 21–26, 28, 29, 35, 58, 60, 63, 64, 83, 84, 89, 94, 97, 99, 113, 139, 156, 163, 175
army 26, 48
German occupation 85, 87–90, 91, 92, 93, 228
judiciary strike 89
Below, Georg von 111
Benedict XV, Pope 150
Benn, Gottfried 161, 162
Berlin 2, 4, 6, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 20, 34, 45, 49–50, 72, 75, 87, 93, 108, 124, 138, 145, 146, 161, 162, 164, 177, 179, 181, 182, 183, 186, 190, 195, 207, 216, 230, 234–235, 248
Beseler, Hans von 91
Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von 5, 11, 12, 50, 53, 54, 63, 64, 65, 73, 76, 78, 91, 93, 107–109, 185–186, 187, 189, 193–194
and Falkenhayn 61–64, 65
Beumelberg, Werner 236
Bildermann 162
Bildungsbürgertum 158, 185
Bismarck, Otto von 8, 61
Black Forest 36
black market 45, 132, 138, 165, 171, 172
Black Sea 190
“blank check” 11
blockade, Allied 36, 37, 39, 41, 45, 48, 92, 106, 108, 163, 225
Boelcke, Willi 112
Boers 96
Bohemia 224
Bolsheviks 102, 183, 189, 190, 192, 195, 196, 201, 230
Bosch, Robert 38
Bosnia 10
Braunschweig 177, 179, 181, 182
Bremen 118, 177, 179, 182
Breslau 166
Brest-Litovsk 190–191, 196, 231
British East Africa 98
British Empire 98, 100, 228
British Expeditionary Force see Great Britain, army
Brittain, Vera 112
Brusilov Offensive 70, 72, 215
Brussels 24, 88, 139
Bucharest 77
Bulgaria 53, 60, 84, 213
army 60, 77
Bund neues Vaterland 175
Bundesrat 5, 34, 42–44, 126
Burgfrieden 34, 79, 148, 151, 153, 184
Cambrai 203
Cameroons 97–98
Canada 102
Cannae 21
Caporetto, Battle of 202
Caroline Islands 95
Carthage 21
Caspian Sea 190
Cassirer, Paul 162
Catholic Center party 64, 81, 186, 189, 191, 214
Catholicism 5–7, 8, 51, 64, 113, 138, 148, 150–151, 154, 155, 157, 168, 174, 186, 216, 231, 232, 237
Caucasus 95, 100, 101, 102, 190, 196
censorship 49–50, 64, 104, 119, 120, 121, 122, 139, 160, 162, 174, 177
Chambers, Frank P. 107
Champagne 58, 198, 200
Charlottenburg 166
Chateau-Thierry 209
Chemin des Dames 200, 206
child-labor laws 145
Chile 41
China 95
Christliche Welt, Die 149
Christmas 13, 116
Clemenceau, Georges 226
Club Dada 162
Cologne 119, 136, 145, 161, 162
Cologne Gunpowder Factory 129
colonialism 2, 8, 9, 47, 87, 90, 95–97, 99, 100
Committee for Union and Progress 100, 103
Conrad von Hötzendorf, Franz 55
Conservative party 8, 64, 186
Constantinople 100, 102, 103
constitution 2, 4, 5, 7, 16, 19, 33, 63, 125, 158, 180, 184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 192, 195, 213–214, 230, 232, 234, 241
Crimea 190
Czechs 55, 225
Dachau 172
Dadaism 162
Dahomey 96
Danes 6
Dardanelles 60, 101
Darlehenskassen see loan bureaus
Darmstadt 13, 16
Deecke, Wilhelm 157
Dehmel, Richard 159
Deist, Wilhelm 211
Denmark 232
deputy commanding generals 33–34, 35, 50, 65, 76, 79, 80, 82, 87, 151, 160, 169, 174, 175, 177, 178
desertion 55, 71, 115, 116, 202
Dix, Otto 162
Dolchsstoss see “stab in the back”
Don, river 190
Douaumont, Fort 68, 71
dreadnoughts 104
Dreimäderlhaus, Das 159
Dresden 161
Duisberg, Carl 39
Duma 224
Dürer, Albrecht 161
Düsseldorf 119, 129, 131, 140, 172, 177
Düsseldorf Pipes and Iron Rolling Works 131
Dwinger, Edwin Erich 236
East Prussia 26, 84, 119, 235
“Easter message” (Osterbotschaft) 186
Ebert, Friedrich 176, 216, 235, 236
Edlbauer, Peter 111
Egypt 102
Elbe, river 5
England see Great Britain
English Channel 21, 29, 58, 105, 107, 109
Enver Pasha 101
Erzberger, Matthias 186, 217
Essen 37, 179
Estonia 94
Etappe 86, 114, 116, 208, 212
ethnic cleansing 91
expressionism 161–162
Falkenhayn, Erich von 51–62, 65, 67–71, 72–73, 77, 82, 107
Faust 158, 161
Federal Council see Bundesrat
Feldpostbriefe 121
Finke, Heinrich 157
Finland 190
Fischer, Fritz 3, 11, 193
Flanders 29, 51, 58, 89, 90, 157, 200, 206
language 89, 90
Foch, Ferdinand 206
Foreign Office, German 49, 100, 107, 195
fourteen points 213
France 6, 11–13, 18, 21–26, 28, 29, 35, 51, 58, 60, 63, 66, 67–71, 83–84, 96, 97, 98, 99, 102, 107, 110, 117–118, 119, 125, 139, 141, 148, 150, 158, 160, 186, 193, 200, 209, 222, 223, 225–226, 227, 232
army 11–29, 48, 60, 68–69, 71, 112–113, 115, 116, 118, 192, 198–200, 202, 203, 206, 209, 213, 226
army mutinies 116, 200, 208, 225
German occupation 85, 86–87, 89, 93, 228
Ministry of Armaments 226
Socialists 226
Francis Ferdinand 10
Franco-Prussian War, 1870–71 1, 18–19, 20, 23, 24, 29, 33, 35, 68, 74, 84, 85
Frankfurt an der Oder 14, 124
; Frau ohne Schatten, Die (Richard Strauss) 161
Frauen im Krieg (Meta Scheele) 139
Freiburg 15, 45, 111, 119, 144, 157
French Equatorial Africa 97
French Revolution 66, 158
Frisia 6
Fürth 136
Galicia 29, 55–57, 101, 200
Gallipoli 101
General Staff 11, 19, 20, 51, 74
German Army League 8
German Communist Party 230, 232, 235, 237, 240
German Democratic Republic 240, 262
German East Africa 97, 99
German Fatherland Party 188
German General Electric Company (AEG) 37, 38, 39
German Peace Society 174, 175
Germanization 6
Ghent 90
Giap, Vo Nguyen 98, 99
Glaeser, Ernst 144
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 156
Gold Coast 96, 98
Gorlice 57, 58
Great Britain 2, 3, 13, 21, 24, 29, 47, 50, 51, 53–54, 65, 67, 88, 95–98, 99, 101, 102, 104–109, 110, 112, 117–118, 119, 125, 147, 149, 158, 160, 193, 195, 200, 220, 222, 225–228
army 24, 28, 58–60, 68, 71, 98–99, 101, 102, 112–113, 116, 118, 192, 198, 202, 203, 206, 209, 213, 227, 228
navy 104, 106, 109, 227
Grand Fleet 105, 108
Ministry of Munitions 227
Great Depression 231, 232
Greeks 103
Grenzstreifen see Polish border strip
Groener, Wilhelm 80, 81, 82
Groot, Gerard de 84
Groß, Gerhard 243
Grosz, Georg 162
Guard Corps, Prussian 19
Guevara, Che 98, 99
Gustavus Adolphus 99
Haber, Fritz 38, 152
Habsburg monarchy 94, 220
see also Austria-Hungary
Haeckel, Ernst 156
Hague conferences 85
Hague conventions 117
Halle 181, 182
Hamburg 6, 79, 166, 182, 183, 230
Hamsterfahrt 46, 172
Hannibal 21
Hanover 161
Harnack, Adolf von 156
Hauptmann, Gerhard 156
Heartfield, John 162
Hebbel, Friedrich 159
Heckel, Erich 162
Heidegger, Martin 157
Helfferich, Karl 124
Herero 96, 97, 99
Hertling, Georg von 189, 213
Heym, Georg 161
Hindenburg Line 55, 198, 203
Hindenburg peace 185
Hindenburg Program 77–83, 89, 108, 130, 163, 196, 197, 202, 203, 204, 218
Hindenburg, Paul von 26, 54, 57, 73–75, 76–77, 80–81, 108–109, 124, 155, 185, 187, 196, 216, 217, 235, 236
Hitler, Adolf 3, 14, 76, 146, 237
Hohenzollerns 94, 220
Holtzendorff, Henning von 109
Horne, John 221
Howells, William Dean 1
Hugenberg, Alfred 184
Humperdinck, Engelbert 157
Hun 84
Hungary 224, 225
see also Austria-Hungary
I. G. Farben 39
“ideas of 1789” 158
“ideas of 1914” see “spirit of 1914”
Imperial Food Corporations 44
Imperial Grain Corporation 43, 44
Imperial Naval Office 49
Imperial Snow Corporation 45
impressionism 160
Independent Social Democratic Party 182–184, 185, 186, 187, 189, 191, 207–208, 230, 262, 263
see also Social Democratic Party
India 98, 100, 101, 102, 190
inflation 128, 129, 130, 132–133, 135, 137, 148, 152, 167, 220, 231
International, The 155
International Society for First World War Studies 241
internationalism 16
Iron Cross 233
Islam 100, 101
Isonzo River 60, 202
Italy 55, 60, 71, 72, 194, 202, 225
army 192, 202, 204, 213
Jahrgang 1902 (Ernst Glaeser) 144
Jammerbrief 122
Japan 95, 117
Jesuits 5, 150, 151
Jews 84, 91, 103, 138, 151–152, 157, 216, 217, 237
census 152
jihad 100, 103
Jünger, Ernst 114, 235
Junkers 5, 167
Jutland, Battle of 108
Kabul 102
Kant, Immanuel 156
Karlsruhe xii, 43, 119, 124
Kennan, George 219
Kennedy, Paul 228
Kerensky Offensive 200
Kerensky, Alexander 200, 201
Kiel 183, 207
Kirdorf, Emil 39
Kölnische Zeitung 47
Kovno 57
KRA see Ministry of War, War Materials Section
Kracauer, Siegfried 159
Kriegsamt see Supreme War Office
Kriegsanleihe see war bonds
Kriegsernährungsamt see War Food Office
Kriegsrohstoffgesellschaften see War Materials Corporations
Kriegstheologie see war theology
Krupp 1, 37, 129, 135, 184
Kühlmann, Richard von 195–196
Kultur 156, 157–159
Kulturkampf 5, 154
Kut-al-Amara 101
labor movement 16, 62, 80, 81, 82, 174, 176, 177–179, 181, 182, 183, 185, 192, 220, 230, 232
Catholic 150, 186
Lamprecht, Karl 158
Landwehr 19
Langemarck 113
Latvia 57
Law of Siege, Prussian 33
League for a New Fatherland see Bund neues Vaterland
Legien, Carl 176
Leipzig 14, 161, 177, 181, 182
Lemberg (Lvov/Lviv) 55
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 178, 183, 240
Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von 97–99, 102
Liebermann, Max 161
Liebesgaben 121, 122
Liebknecht, Karl 63, 177, 178–179
Liège 24, 26, 68, 74
Lille 87, 139
Liman von Sanders, Otto 101
Lithuania 57
Lloyd George, David 226
loan bureaus 126
Łódź 92
London 16, 195, 235, 243, 244
Louis XIV 68
Louvain 84
Ludendorff Offensive 204–207, 215, 217
Operation Blücher 206
Operation Georgette 206
Operation Marneschutz–Reims 206
Operation Michael 206
Ludendorff peace 185
Ludendorff, Erich 26, 54, 57, 74–78, 80–81, 83, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94, 108, 109, 160, 183, 185, 186–188, 189–191, 193–194, 195, 196, 202, 203, 204–207, 209, 211, 213, 215–217, 235
Lusitania 65, 107
Luther, Martin 6, 149, 155
Lutheranism 6
Lutherfeier 149
Luxembourg 26
Luxemburg, Rosa 178
Macedonia 213
Macke, August 162
Magdeburg 181
Magic Mountain, The (Thomas Mann) 161
Mahan, Alfred Thayer 104
Mainz 119
Maji-Maji 97, 99
Majority Social Democratic Party 182, 183, 185, 186, 191, 211, 212, 214
Mann, Klaus 217
Mann, Thomas 128, 158, 161
Mannheim 119, 138, 183
Marburg 149
Marc, Franz 161, 162
Mariana Islands 95
Marne, river 206, 209
First Battle of the 28–29, 35, 48, 50, 79, 162, 206
Second Battle of the 206, 209
Marshall Islands 95
Marx, Karl 155
Marxism 7, 147, 174, 176, 178, 179
Masurian Lakes, Battle of the 28
Max, Prince of Baden 214
May Day 179
May, Karl 143
Meidner, Ludwig 161
Meinecke, Friedrich 15
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Mercier, Désiré-Joseph 89
Mesopotamia 103
Meuse, river 23, 24, 68
Mexico 195
Michaelis, Georg 187, 189
Middle East 95, 100
Milestone, Lewis 236
militarism 2, 41, 61, 76, 214, 236, 238
military districts 18, 19, 33, 81, 146, 160
Ministry of War 34, 35, 37, 38–39, 43, 50, 51, 61, 78–81, 87, 123, 176
War Materials Section 37, 79, 81, 87
Mitteleuropa 94
Moltke, Helmuth von (the Elder) 23
Moltke, Helmuth von (the Younger) 11, 23, 26, 28–31, 51, 61, 72, 74, 100, 244
Mommsen, Wolfgang 162
Morocco 100, 102
Moscow 224
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 159
MSPD see Majority Social Democratic Party
Munich 6, 14, 16, 124, 161, 172, 230, 232
Münster 172
Nama 96, 97, 99
Napoleon Bonaparte 53
National Liberal party 64, 189
national socialism 40
National Socialism 3, 4, 76, 85, 117, 237–238
National Women’s Service 138
nationalism 2, 17, 148, 149, 236
Naumann, Friedrich 94
navy, German 2, 8, 9, 49, 54, 65, 72, 95, 96, 104–109, 114–115, 149, 207
High Seas Fleet 105, 108
mutiny 207
Naval Staff 109
Nazism see National Socialism
Near East 100
Netherlands 21, 23, 48, 107
Neue Wache 234, 235
New Guinea 95
New Mexico 195
New Zealand 95
Nigeria 97, 98
Ninety-Five Theses 149
Nivelle Offensive 200
Nivelle, Robert 198, 200
Nobel Prizes 2
North Sea 105, 108, 114, 207
Northedge, Frederick 227
“November criminals” 216, 237
Nuremberg 169
Ober-Ost 90
occupation 83–94, 119, 120
Office of the Interior 42, 43, 49, 87
Orientalistik 100
Orthodoxy, Russian 148
Osmanlis 220
Ostjuden 152
Ottoman Empire see Turkey
Pacific Ocean 95–96
pacifism 16, 175, 177, 216
Palestine 101
Palestrina (Hans Pfitzner) 161
Pan-German League 8, 94, 193