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*A Decisive Factor is a Combat Factor judged critical in the winner's avoiding a defeat or draw. Decisive Factor(s) for each battle must include at least one Manpower Factor and may include one or more Other Factors (those vitally complementary to the decisive manpower group[s] success).
*PF (point of failure) is that area of a battle formation that first decisively gives way to the enemy. Cause of Failure is the primary method used by the victors in overcoming their enemy at the Point of Failure. Figures for HL/HT (heavy infantry losses/heavy infantry total) are either derived from historical reports or represent the author's estimates (with mean averages for ranges). HL/HT are usually stated in round numbers and include no auxiliaries (those not ranked in the main formation), whether mounted or on foot. Note that light-armed men are included if they were part of an integrated main battle formation such as that used by the Persian kardakes. Front fight
ing is shock (hand-to-hand)/missile combat along the leading edge of the battlefront. Othismos is pushing by a formation file to apply forwardpressure at the leading edge of the battlefront. Envelopment is the act of defeating a wing of an opposing linear battle array (or both wings in the case ofa double envelopment), either turning around its end or the adjacent interior when the end is defeated. Offsetting envelopments occur when opposing armies each are successful on one wing and the battle is not subsequently resolved decisively.
Table of Contents
Preface
Introduction
Overseas Battles and the Corinthian War (400-387 B.c.)
Battles Around the Mediterranean; Chalcidian, Boeotian and Spartan Wars (386-360 B.c.) 38
Rise of Macedonia; Sacred, Persian and Sicilian Wars; Conquest of Greece (359-336 B.C.)
Battles in the Era ofAlexander the Great (335-324 B.c.)
Battles of the Successors (323-301 B.c.)
Conclusions
1: Combat Factors
2: Decisive Factors
3: Heavy Infantry Losses and Point/Cause of Formation Failure
Bibliography
Index
2: Decisive Factors*
3: Heavy Infantry Losses and Point/Cause of Formation Failure*