Parallel Lives

by Phyllis Rose

  —, ed. A Widening Sphere: Changing Roles of Victorian Women. London and Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1977.

  Waller, Willard. The Family: A Dynamic Interpretation. New York: The Dryden Press, 1938.

  Weeks, Jeffrey. Sex, Politics, and Society: The Regulation of Sexuality Since 1800. London and New York: Longman, 1981.

  Whitehouse, J. Howard. Vindication of Ruskin. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1950.

  Wilenski, R. H. John Ruskin: An Introduction to Further Study of His Life and Work. London: Faber and Faber, 1933.

  Willey, Basil. Nineteenth Century Studies. London: Chatto and Windus, 1964.

  Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

  Wilson, Edmund. ‘Dickens: The Two Scrooges’. In The Wound and the Bow, 1–93. London: Methuen, University Paperbacks, n.d. Orig. publ. 1941. Rev. ed. 1952.

  Wohl, Anthony S., ed. The Victorian Family: Structure and Stresses. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1978.

  Woodham-Smith, Cecil. Queen Victoria: From Her Birth to the Death of the Prince Consort. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1972.

  Woolf, Virginia. ‘Geraldine and Jane’. In Collected Essays, 4:27–39. 4 vols. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1967.

  Zaretsky, Eli. Capitalism, the Family, and Personal Life. New York: Harper & Row, Colophon Books, 1976.

  Index

  Ackerley, J. R., 1

  Acland, Dr, 1, 2, 3

  Adam Bede (Eliot), 1, 2

  Adam’s Rib (film), 1

  Andersen, Hans Christian, 1

  Arnold, Matthew, 1

  Ashburton, Lady Harriet, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Atlas, James, 1 n.

  Austen, Jane, 1, 2

  Austin, Mrs, 1, 2, 3

  Autobiography of John Stuart Mill, The, 1

  Bain, Alexander, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Barnaby Rudge (Dickens), 1, 2

  Bartlett, Adelaide, 1 n., 2 n.

  Beadnell, Maria, see Winter, Mrs Henry

  Beauvoir, Simone de, 1

  Bentham, Jeremy, 1, 2 n.

  Bernard, Jessie, 1, 2 n.

  Blackwood, John, 1, 2, 3

  Bodichon, Barbara, 1, 2, 3 n., 4 n.

  Brabant, Dr, 1, 2

  Bradbury and Evans (publishers), 1, 2 n.

  Bray, Charles, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Brontë, Charlotte, Jane Eyre, 1, 2, 3 n., 4 n.

  Brookfield, Mrs, 1, 2 n.

  Bubbles (Millais), 1, 2

  Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, 1

  Burdett-Coutts, Angela, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Burne-Jones, Georgiana, 1, 2

  Butler, Josephine, 1

  Byron, Lord, 1, 2, 3 n.

  Carlyle, Jane Welsh, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 n.; Lady Ashburton’s friendship with Carlyle and, 1, 2;

  diary of, 1;

  early life of, 1;

  experience with mesmerism, 1;

  opinions about, 1

  Carlyle, Thomas, 1, 2; Lady Ashburton and, 1, 2;

  death of Jane and later life of, 1;

  early life of, 1;

  Eyre affair and, 1;

  Frederick the Great, 1, 2, 3;

  French Revolution, 1;

  Latter-Day Pamphlets, 1, 2;

  Lewes and, 1;

  Mill and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;

  ‘The Nigger Question’, 1;

  Reminiscences, 1

  Carlyles, the (Jane and Thomas), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; Lady Ashburton and marital dissatisfaction, 1;

  correspondence and courtship (1821–26), 1;

  domestic life of, 1;

  engagement and marriage, 1;

  first meeting and friendship, 1;

  posthumous evaluation of marriage of, 1;

  sexual relations, 1;

  Mrs Taylor and John Mill and, 1

  Carlyle’s Life in London (Froude), 1

  Cavaignac, Godefroy, 1

  Chapman, John, 1, 2, 3, 4 n., 5 n., 6 n.

  Chartists, 1, 2

  Chitty, Lady Susan, 1

  Christmas Carol, A (Dickens), 1

  Clark, Sir James, 1

  Coleridge, Samuel, 1

  Collins, Wilkie, 1

  Combe, George, 1

  Comte, Auguste, 1 n., 2 n.

  Conversations with Carlyle (Duffy), 1

  Cross, John Walter, 1, 2

  Darwin, Charles, 1 n.

  Darwin, Erasmus, 1

  Darwins, the, 1

  de la Rue, Mme, 1, 2

  Dickens, Catherine, 1, 2, 3; changes brought about by marriage, 1;

  later years of, 1

  Dickens, Charles, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; amateur theatricals organised by, 1;

  Barnaby Rudge, 1;

  childhood of, 1, 2, 3 n.;

  A Christmas Carol, 1;

  dissatisfaction with marriage, 1, 2;

  divorce as impossible for, 1;

  domesticity in novels of, 1;

  earlier and later works compared, 1;

  Edwin Drood, 1;

  financial responsibilities of, 1;

  Little Dorrit, 1, 2, 3;

  mesmerism and, 1;

  Nicholas Nickleby, 1, 2, 3;

  Oliver Twist, 1, 2;

  Our Mutual Friend, 1, 2;

  Ellen Ternan and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 n.;

  Mrs Henry Winter (Maria Beadnell) and, 1, 2, 3;

  see also Dickenses, the

  Dickens, Charles, Jr (Charley), 1, 2, 3, 4

  Dickens, Elizabeth (mother), 1

  Dickens, Fanny (sister), 1

  Dickens, Francis Jeffrey (son), 1

  Dickens, Frederick (brother), 1, 2

  Dickens, Harry (son), 1

  Dickens, John (father), 1

  Dickens, Kate (daughter), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 n.

  Dickens, Mamie (daughter), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Dickens, Walter (son), 1, 2

  Dickenses, the, 1, 2; children of, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 n.;

  Christmas celebrations, 1;

  first years of marriage, 1;

  Mary Hogarth’s death and, 1;

  separation of, 1;

  trip to America, 1;

  trip to Scotland, 1

  Domecq sisters, 1, 2

  Duffy, Sir Charles Gavan, 1

  East India Company, 1, 2

  Eastlake, Lady, 1, 2

  Edwin Drood (Dickens), 1

  Eliot, George (née Marian Evans), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; acquaintance with Lewes, 1, 2;

  Adam Bede, 1, 2;

  bereavement after death of Lewes, 1;

  birth of ‘George Eliot’, 1, 2 n.;

  as businesswoman, 1;

  death of, 1;

  Impressions of Theophrastus Such, 1;

  life with the Chapmans, 1, 2;

  love and disappointment with Spencer, 1, 2 n.;

  marriage to John Walter Cross, 1;

  Middlemarch, 1;

  passionate nature of, 1;

  Scenes of Clerical Life, 1, 2;

  see also Lewes-Eliot union, the Elliotson, John, 1

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1

  Erikson, Erik, 1

  Evans, Marian, see Eliot, George

  Eyre, Edward John, 1

  Faderman, Lillian, 1

  Ford, Clare, 1, 2

  Forster, John, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Foucault, Michel, 1

  Fox, Rev. William Johnson, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 n.

  Frederick the Great (Carlyle), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  French Revolution (Carlyle), 1

  Freud, Sigmund, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 n.

  Froude, James A., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 n.; Carlyle’s Life in London, 1;

  Letters and Memorials of Jane Welsh Carlyle, 1

  Frozen Deep, The (Collins), 1, 2, 3

  Geertz, Clifford, 1 n.

  Gilbert, Sandra M., 1 n.

  Gissing, George, 1

  Gray, Euphemia, see Ruskin, Effie

  Gray, George (Effie’s brother), 1

  Gray, Mr (Effie’s father), 1, 2, 3, 4

  Gray, Mrs (Effie’s mother), 1, 2
<
br />   Gray, Sophie (Effie’s sister), 1, 2

  Grote, George, 1, 2 n.

  Haight, Gordon, 1, 2, 3 n.

  Hallam, Arthur, 1 n.

  Hardy, Harriet, see Taylor, Harriet

  Harris, Frank, 1 n.

  Hartman, Mary S., 1, 2 n., 3 n, 4 n.

  Helps, Arthur, 1 n.

  Hennell, Sara, 1, 2

  Hogarth, Catherine, see Dickens, Catherine

  Hogarth, Georgina, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

  Hogarth, Mary, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Hunt, Thornton Leigh, 1, 2, 3

  Hunt, William Holman, 1, 2

  Huxley, T. H., 1, 2, 3, 4

  Impressions of Theophrastus Such (Eliot), 1

  Irving, Edward, 1

  Irving, Joseph, 1 n.

  Jaques, Elliott, 1

  Jamaica, rebellion in (1865), 1

  Jameson, Anna, 1, 2, 3 n.

  Jane Eyre (Brontë), 1, 2, 3 n.

  Jerrold, Douglas, 1

  Jervis, Agnes, see Lewes, Agnes Jervis

  Jewsbury, Geraldine, 1, 2, 3, 4 n., 5 n.

  Jung, Carl, 1, 2

  Kantor, David, 1 n.

  Kingsley, Charles, 1

  Lasch, Christopher, 1, 2 n.

  Laski, Harold, 1

  Latter-Day Pamphlets (Carlyle), 1, 2

  Lawrence, D. H., 1

  Lehr, William, 1 n.

  Lemon, Mark, 1, 2

  Letters and Memorials of Jane Welsh Carlyle (Froude), 1

  Lewes, Agnes Jervis, 1, 2, 3

  Lewes, Charles, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Lewes, George Henry, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Lewes-Eliot union, the (George Henry Lewes and George Eliot), 1, 2; domestic life, 1;

  ill health and death of Lewes, 1;

  moral issues surrounding, 1;

  as partnership, 1

  Little Dorrit (Dickens), 1, 2, 3

  Lutyens, Mary, 1, 2, 3 n.

  Maclise, Daniel, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Macready, Nina, 1

  Macready, William Charles, 1, 2, 3

  Man and Superman (Shaw), 1

  Marcus, Jane, 1 n.

  Marcus, Steven, 1

  Marryat, Frederick, 1

  Mausoleum Book, The (Stephen), 1

  Mazlish, Bruce, 1 n.

  Mazzini, Giuseppe, 1, 2

  Middlemarch (Eliot), 1, 2, 3

  Mill, George, 1

  Mill, Harriet, see Mills, the; Taylor, Harriet;

  Taylor, Harriet, and John Stuart Mill

  Mill, James, 1, 2, 3

  Mill, John Stuart, 1, 2, 3; The Autobiography of John Stuart Mill, 1;

  Carlyle and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7;

  at East India Company, 1, 2;

  Eyre affair and, 1;

  on marriage, 1;

  mental breakdown and depression of, 1;

  ‘Negro Question, The’, 1;

  Principles of Political Economy, 1, 2, 3;

  rights as husband disclaimed by, 1;

  The Subjection of Women, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  The System of Logic, 1;

  ‘The Utility of Religion’, 1;

  see also Mills, the;

  Taylor, Harriet, and John Stuart Mill

  Millais, John Everett, 1; annulment of the Ruskins’ marriage and, 1;

  break with Ruskin, 1;

  Bubbles, 1, 2;

  decline as artist, 1;

  marriage to Effie, 1;

  The Order of Release, 1, 2;

  portrait of Ruskin, 1, 2;

  summer vacation with the Ruskins, 1, 2

  Millais, William, 1, 2, 3

  Mills, the (Harriet and John Stuart), 1, 2, 3; The Autobiography of John Stuart Mill and, 1;

  collaboration in writing, 1;

  complementary traits of, 1;

  death of Harriet, 1;

  as ‘marriage of equals’, 1, 2;

  married life of, 1;

  sexual attitudes, 1;

  see also Taylor, Harriet, and John Stuart Mill

  ‘Negro Question, The’ (Mill), 1

  Nicholas Nickleby (Dickens), 1, 173, 185

  Nichols, Mary, 1 n.

  ‘Nigger Question, The’ (Carlyle), 1

  Nisbet, Ada, 1 n., 2 n.

  Norton, Caroline, 1, 2

  Norton, Charles Eliot, 1, 2

  Nouvelle Héloïse, La (Rousseau), 1, 2

  Oliver Twist (Dickens), 1, 2, 3

  Order of Release, The (Millais), 1, 2

  Our Mutual Friend (Dickens), 1, 2

  Owen, Robert, 1

  Packe, Michael St John, 134, 138, 311 n.

  Pappe, H. O., 313 n.

  Paulizza, 76–8

  Place, Francis, 316 n.

  Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, 79, 236, 310 n.

  Principles of Political Economy (Mill), 124, 137, 138

  Reminiscences (Carlyle), 1

  Rennie, George, 1, 2

  Ritchie, Anne Thackeray, 1

  Rossetti, D. G., 1

  Rossi, Alice,

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 1, 2, 3 n.

  Ruskin, Effie (née Gray): Lady Eastlake and, 1, 2, 3;

  marriage to Millais, 1;

  see also Ruskins, the

  Ruskin, John, 1, 2; early life of, 1;

  on Mill, 1;

  Millais’s break with, 1;

  portrait by Millais, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  The Stones of Venice, 1, 2, 3

  Ruskin, John James (father of John), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

  Ruskin, Margaret (mother of John), 1, 2, 3

  Ruskins, the (John and Effie), 1, 2, 3; annulment of marriage of, 1;

  engagement, 1;

  independence of Effie from John, 1;

  relations with parents, 1, 2, 3, 4;

  reunion and life in Venice, 1;

  separation and reappraisal of marriage, 1;

  sexual attitudes and relationship, 1, 2;

  summer vacation (1853), 1, 2;

  wedding, 1

  Sand, George, 1, 2

  Sartre, Jean-Paul, 1

  Scenes of Clerical Life (Eliot), 1, 2

  Schwartz, Delmore, 1 n.

  Seidenberg, Robert, 1 n.

  Shakespeare, William, 1, 2, 3

  Shaw, George Bernard, 1, 2; Man and Superman, 1

  Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 1, 2, 3–4

  Sibbald, Augusta, 1

  Siddal, Elizabeth, 1

  Simpson, James, 1, 2 n.

  Smith, Arthur, 1

  Smith, Barbara Leigh, see Bodichon, Barbara

  Smith, Benjamin, 1 n.

  Spencer, Herbert, 1

  Staël, Mme de, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

  Stanfield, Clarkson, 1

  Stephen, Leslie, 1, 2, 3; The Mausoleum Book, 1

  Stones of Venice, The (Ruskin), 1, 2, 3

  Stopes, Marie, 1

  Storey, Gladys, 1, 2 n.

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 1, 2

  Subjection of Women, The (Mill), 1, 2, 3, 4

  System of Logic, The (Mill), 1

  Taylor, Harriet, 1, 2; in The Autobiography of John Stuart Mill, 1;

  children of, 1;

  on marriage, 1;

  marriage to John Taylor, 1, 2

  Taylor, Harriet, and John Stuart Mill, 1, 2; the Carlyles and, 1;

  collaboration in writing, 1;

  complementary traits, 1;

  exchange position papers on marriage, 1;

  first meeting, 1, 2 n.;

  sexual attitudes, 1, 2;

  John Taylor and, 1, 2;

  see also Mills, the Taylor, Helen, 1, 2

  Taylor, John, 1, 2

  Tennyson, Emily, 1 n.

  Ternan, Ellen, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 n.

  Ternan, Maria, 1, 2

  Ternan, Mrs (mother of Ellen and Maria), 1, 2

  Thackeray, Anne, see Ritchie, Anne Thackeray

  Thackeray, William Makepeace, 1, 2, 3, 4

  Thomas, Keith, 1 n.

  Townshend, Chauncey Hare, 1

  Trilling, Diana, 1

  Trollope, Anthony, 1

  Turner, J. M. W., 1

  ‘Utility of
Religion, The’ (Mill), 1

  Victoria, Queen, 1, 2, 3, 4 n.

  Victorian Murderesses (Hartman), 1, 2 n., 3 n., 4 n.

  Welsh, Dr (Jane’s father), 1, 2

  Welsh, Jane, see Carlyle, Jane Welsh

  Welsh, Mrs (Jane’s mother), 1, 2, 3, 4

  Westminster Review, 1, 2, 3 n.

  Wilenski, R. H., 1 n.

  Winter, Mrs Henry (née Maria Beadnell), 1, 2, 3, 4

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  About the Author

  Phyllis Rose is the author of many noted works of biography and criticism, including The Shelf: From LEQ to LES, Woman of Letters: A Life of Virginia Woolf, Jazz Cleopatra: Josephine Baker in Her Time, The Year of Reading Proust: A Memoir in Real Time and, most recently, Alfred Stieglitz: Taking Pictures, Making Painters. She is the editor of The Norton Book of Women’s Lives. For many years she was a professor of English at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. She divides her time between Key West, Florida and New York.

  Sheila Heti is the author of eight books, including the novels Motherhood, How Should a Person Be? and Ticknor. Her books have been translated into twenty-two languages. She lives in Toronto.