Book Read Free

Silver, Sword, and Stone

Page 58

by Marie Arana


  ———. Dios o el oro en las Indias. San Salvador: UCA, 1991.

  Hanke, Lewis. “A Modest Proposal for a Moratorium on Generalizations: Some Thoughts on the Black Legend.” Hispanic American Historical Review 51, no. 1 (February, 1971): 112–27.

  Hemming, John. The Conquest of the Incas. London: Macmillan, 1970. Also: New York, Penguin, 1983.

  ———. Red Gold: The Conquest of the Brazilian Indians, 1500–1700. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978.

  ———. The Search for El Dorado. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1978.

  Hewitt, Edgar L. Fray Bernardino De Sahagún and the Great Florentine Codex. Santa Fe, NM: Archaeological Institute of America, 1944.

  Historia de la Compañía de Jesús en la provincia del Paraguay. Vol. 1 (6 vols.). Madrid: V. Suárez, 1912–49.

  Hoffman, Philip T., and Kathryn Norberg. Fiscal Crises, Liberty, and Representative Government, 1450–1789. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994.

  Hoyos, Juan José. El Oro y la sangre. Bogotá: Planeta, 1994.

  Jáuregui, Carlos A. Canibalia: Canibalismo, calibanismo, antropofagia cultural y consumo en América Latina. Madrid: Iberoamericana, 2008.

  Jiménez de la Espada, Marcos, ed. Una Antigualla peruana. Madrid: Manuel Gines Hernández, 1892.

  Kamen, Henry. The Spanish Inquisition: A Historical Revision. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014.

  Kirkpatrick, Frederick A. The Spanish Conquistadores. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1946.

  Krauze, Enrique. Redeemers: Ideas and Power in Latin America. New York: HarperCollins, 2011.

  Langenscheidt, Adolphus. Historia Minima de la Minería en la Sierra Gorda. Ontario: Rolston-Bain, 1988.

  Lastres, Juan B. Las Neuro-bartonelosis. Lima: Editora Medica Peruana, 1945.

  ———. Historia de la viruela en el Perú. Lima: Ministerio de Salud Pública y Asistencia Social, 1954.

  ———. La Salud Pública y la Prevención de la Viruela en el Perú. Lima: Ministerio de Hacienda y Comercio, 1957.

  León-Portilla, Miguel, ed. The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico. Beacon Press, Boston, 1962.

  ———. El Reverso de la Conquista: Relaciones aztecas, mayas e incas. México, DF: Editorial Mortiz, 1964.

  ———. Visión de los vencidos: Crónicas indigenas. Madrid: Historia 16, 1985.

  ———, ed. Visión de los vencidos: Relaciones indigenas de la Conquista. México, DF: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1961.

  Lippy, Charles H., Robert Choquette, and Stafford Poole. Christianity Comes to the Americas, 1492–1776. New York: Paragon, 1992.

  Livi Bacci, Massimo. Los estragos de la conquista: Quebranto y declive de los indios de América. Barcelona: Crítica, 2006.

  McCaa, Robert, Aleta Nimlos, and Teodoro Hampe Martínez. “Why Blame Smallpox? The Death of the Inca Huayna Capac and the Demographic Destruction of Tawantinsuyu (Ancient Peru).” Paper, Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, 2004. http://users.pop.umn.edu/~rmccaa/aha2004/why_blame_smallpox.pdf.

  McEwan, Colin, and Leonardo López Luján, eds. Moctezuma: Aztec Ruler. London: British Museum Press, 2009.

  McNeill, J. R., and William H. McNeill. The Human Web: A Bird’s-Eye View of World History. New York: Norton, 2003.

  Mann, Charles C. 1491: New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus. New York: Random House, 2005.

  Marichal, Carlos. Bankruptcy of Empire: Mexican Silver and the Wars Between Spain, Britain and France, 1760–1810. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

  Marzal, Manuel M., Eugenio Maurer, Xavier Albó, and Bartomeu Melia. The Indian Face of God in Latin America. New York: Orbis, 1996.

  Markham, Clements R. Narratives of the Rites and Laws of the Yncas. New York: Burt Franklin, 1970.

  Montoya, Ramiro. Crónicas del oro y la plata americanos. Madrid: Visión Libros, 2015.

  ———. Sangre del sol: crónicas del oro y plata que España sacó de América. Madrid: Visión Libros, 2013.

  Moreyra Loredo, Manuel, et al. El cristiano ante el Perú de 1985: crisis económica, violencia . . . Lima: Centro de Proyección Cristiana, 1984.

  Oro y la plata de las Indias en la época de los Austrias. Madrid: Fundación ICO, 1999.

  Petersen, Georg. Mining and Metallurgy in Ancient Peru. Translated by William E. Brooks. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America, 2010.

  Pino Díaz, Fermín del, ed. Demonio, Religión y Sociedad entre España y América. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Antropología, 2002.

  Pillsbury, Joanne, ed. Guide to Documentary Sources for Andean Studies, 1530–1900. 3 vols. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2008.

  Prescott, William H. History of the Conquest of Mexico. Edited by John F. Kirk. London: Routledge, 1893.

  ———. History of the Conquest of Peru: With a Preliminary View of the Civilization of the Incas. Edited by John F. Kirk. London: Routledge, 1893.

  Quintana, Manuel José. Vidas de españoles celebres. Paris: Baudry, 1845.

  Quiroz, Alfonso W. Historia de la corrupción en el Perú. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2013.

  Raimondi, Antonio. El Perú. 3 vols. Lima: Imprenta del Estado, 1874.

  Reséndez, Andrés. The Other Slavery: The Uncovered Story of Indian Enslavement in America. New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016.

  Restall, Matthew. Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.

  ———. When Montezuma Met Cortés: The True Story of the Meeting That Changed History. New York: Ecco, 2018.

  Ricard, Robert. The Spiritual Conquest of Mexico. Translated by Lesley Byrd Simpson. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.

  Robins, Nicholas A. Mercury, Mining, and Empire: The Human and Ecological Cost of Colonial Silver Mining in the Andes. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011.

  ———. Native Insurgencies and the Genocidal Impulse in the Americas. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005.

  Rosenberg, Tina. Children of Cain: Violence and the Violent in Latin America. New York: Morrow, 1991.

  Rostworowski de Diez Canseco, María. Conflicts over Coca Fields in Sixteenth-Century Perú. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1988.

  ———. Costa peruana prehispánica. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos Ediciones, 1977.

  ———. Doña Francisca Pizarro. Lima: IEP Ediciones, 1989.

  ———. Historia del Tawantinsuyu. Lima: IEP Ediciones, 1988.

  ———. History of the Inca Realm. Translated by Harry Iceland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

  ———. Pachacamac y el señor de los milagros. Lima: IEP Ediciones, 1992.

  ———. Pachacutec y la leyenda de los chancas. Lima: IEP Ediciones, 1997.

  Schwaller, John Frederick. The History of the Catholic Church in Latin America: From Conquest to Revolution and Beyond. New York: New York University Press, 2011.

  Smith, Brian. Religious Politics in Latin America: Pentecostal Vs. Catholic. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1998.

  Solís, Felipe, and Martha Carmona. El Oro precolombino de México: Colecciones Mixteca y Azteca. Milan: Américo Artes Editores, 1995.

  Southey, Thomas. Chronological History of the West Indies. 3 vols. London: Longman, Rees, 1827.

  Stein, Stanley J., and Barbara H. Stein. Silver, Trade, and War: Spain and America in the Making of Early Modern Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000.

  Stern, Steve J., ed. Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru, 1980–1995. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998.

  Suárez Fernández, Luis. Isabel I Reina. Barcelona: Planeta, 2012.

  TePaske, John J. A New World of Gold and Silver. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill, 2010.

  Thompson, I. A. A. Crown and Cortés: Government, Institutions and Representation in Early-Modern Castile. Hampshire, UK: Variorum, 1993.

  Tripcevich, Nicholas, and Kevin J. Vaughn, e
ds. Mining and Quarrying in the Ancient Andes: Sociopolitical, Economic, and Symbolic Dimensions. New York: Springer, 2013.

  Urteaga, Horacio H. Biblioteca de Cultura Peruana: Los cronistas de la Conquista. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1938.

  Vargas Llosa, Mario. Conversation in the Cathedral. Translated by Gregory Rabassa. New York: Rayo, 2005.

  __________. A Fish in the Water. Translated by Helen Lane. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1994.

  Vázquez Chamorro, Germán. Moctezuma. Madrid: Cambio 16, 1987.

  ———. Moctezuma. Madrid: Algaba, 2006.

  Vedia, Enrique de. Historiadores primitivos de Indias. 2 vols. Madrid: Rivadeneyra, 1852.

  Vilches, Elvira. New World Gold. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

  Whitaker, Arthur Preston. The Huancavelica Mercury Mine. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1941.

  Wright, Ronald. Stolen Continents: The Americas Through Indian Eyes. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992.

  INDEX

  A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.

  Page numbers beginning with 367 refer to endnotes.

  Abdalla, Sandra, 337

  “A Carmela, la Peruana” (García Lorca), 108

  Acosta, José de, 294–95

  Acuña de Chaupe, Máxima, 123–25, 132

  Adams, John, 190–91

  Aesop, 145–46, 201, 321, 401

  Afghanistan War, 215

  Afonso V, king of Portugal, 43–44, 377

  Africa, 43–44, 46, 50, 51, 54, 93, 141, 181, 182, 216, 286–87, 323, 331, 386

  see also Angola civil war

  Age of Discovery, (1450–1550), 48

  Aguilar, Gerónimo de, 61, 298

  Aguirre, Lope de “El Loco,” 401

  Aguirre, Manuel Agustín, 294

  Ahuitzotl, Aztec emperor, 28, 143

  Ai Apaec “the Decapitator,” 105–7, 143, 315

  AIDS, 112

  Albó, Xavier, 312, 317, 320, 322

  background and early years of, 251–54, 271, 292

  Latin American missionary commitment of, 254–55, 267–71, 275, 290–96, 310–12, 316–17, 320–23, 325–28, 331, 338–39, 343, 346, 347, 348–50, 359, 360–61

  Lucho and, 327–38

  alcohol, 127, 155, 161, 162, 359

  Alexander, Pope, 49, 50, 58, 378

  Alexander VI, Pope, 280, 305, 318, 335

  Alexander the Great, 72

  Allende, Salvador, 119, 188, 228, 244, 328

  Almagro, Diego, 76–82, 92, 301

  Almaraz Paz, Sergio, 130

  Alvarado, Pedro de, 14, 68, 73

  Alves, Rubem, 320

  Amadís of Gaul, 62

  Amazon jungle, 18, 73, 85, 110, 116–17, 121, 176, 273, 295, 391

  American Revolution, 102, 167, 170, 214, 230, 314, 415

  Americo Boavida Hospital, 187

  Amnesty International, 124

  Anaconda Copper, 119

  Ananea, Mount, 1, 15–18, 37, 59–60, 107, 110–11, 127, 131, 359

  see also La Rinconada; Sleeping Beauty

  Ancón, Peru, 274

  Andagoya, Pascual de, 74–75, 77

  Andes, 75, 95, 144, 171, 223, 225–32, 235, 248, 268, 274, 312, 345

  indigenous people of, 22, 155, 225–26, 261–62, 265, 292

  mining in, 1–4, 15–23, 45, 106–8, 110, 124; see also specific mining sites

  Anglo-Peruvian Rubber Company, 392

  Angola civil war, 137, 181–87, 190, 205, 207, 237–38, 355

  Angry Brigade, 223

  animal sacrifice, 35, 107

  animal worship, 263, 265

  apu, 4, 15, 18, 273, 431

  Arab-Israeli conflict, 323

  Aragon, 40, 42, 271, 301

  Arana, Julio César, 393

  Arana, Pedro Pablo, 389

  Arana Cisneros, M. Isabel (Tía Chaba), vii, 363,

  Araucanian people, 308

  Arawak people, 51, 138, 144

  Árbenz, Jacobo, 218, 392

  Arenas, Pedro de, 297

  Arequipa, 112, 226–27, 273

  Arévalo, Juan José, 217–18

  Argentina, 2, 116, 132, 171, 175–77, 181, 189, 192–93, 203, 209, 211–15, 225, 242, 243, 244, 251–54, 265, 267–68, 270, 295, 353

  Arimao River, 285

  Aristotle, 288

  Army, U.S., School of the Americas, 213

  Army to Defend the National Sovereignty, 197

  arquebus, 82

  Arriaga, Antonio de, 156

  Arzans de Orsúa y Vela, Bartolomé, 15

  Asia, mineral wealth, 97, 120

  assassination, 198, 202–4, 214, 217, 219, 221, 242, 245, 286, 323, 334, 343, 345, 351–52, 358, 435

  Atahualpa, 32, 35–36, 85, 153

  death of, 92, 114, 152

  Pizarro and, 73, 85–92, 114, 122, 297, 301

  ransom offer of, 91–92, 114, 122

  Spaniards underestimated and misunderstood by, 88–92

  atheism, 32, 268, 317, 322, 330, 442

  atrocities, 42, 45, 51–52, 54–55, 87, 88–92, 115, 139, 141, 152–54, 157–58, 164, 166, 176–77, 183, 200, 201–3, 212–13, 214, 216–20, 225, 230–32, 244, 245, 247–48, 277, 284–86, 300, 307, 309, 328, 338, 339–41, 343

  see also specific events

  Augustinian order, 302–3, 306

  Australia, 113, 120

  Ayacucho, 225–27, 229

  Aymara people, 155–56, 232, 262, 264, 309, 319, 327, 328, 347, 348, 349, 360

  Aztec civilization, 2, 5, 24, 79, 103, 106, 143–44, 276–77, 381–82

  binary world-view of, 18

  commonalities between Inca and, 25–26, 30–31, 85, 265–67

  religion of, 4, 255–58, 265, 271–73, 276–79

  stone calendar of, 257

  use of precious metals by, 2, 25–26

  violence in, 142–43, 271–73

  Aztec Empire, 61–63, 149, 192

  Cortés’s conquest of, 14, 31, 60–71, 73–74, 84, 279, 300, 362

  extent and power of, 26–30

  population of, 372

  see also Montezuma II

  Bachué, 151

  Bahamas, 47, 144, 151

  Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, 53, 56–57, 73, 74, 76, 147, 222, 282, 300

  Baldwin, James, 361–62

  bandeirantes (Portuguese paramilitaries), 293

  Banzer, Hugo, 328

  Barcelona, 251–53, 292

  Baring Brothers & Co., 177

  barreteros (prospectors), 46

  barriadas (slums), violence in, 245–46

  Barrick Gold Corporation, 121

  Barry, Marion, 234

  Batista, Fulgencio, 159–61, 179, 244, 322

  Belaúnde Terry, Fernando, 228–29

  Belli, Gioconda, 196

  Bello, Andrés, 165

  Ben Ben, General (Arlindo Pena), 181, 470

  Benedict XVI, Pope (formerly Joseph Ratzinger), 325, 329–30

  Bergoglio, Jorge Mario, 267, 332

  Bernstein, Peter L., 121

  Betanzos, Juan de, 375

  Biological Psychiatry, 251

  Black Death, 66, 382

  “Black Legend,” 287, 313, 429, 432

  Boas, Franz, 258

  Boff, Leonardo, 325–26

  Bogotá, 39, 144, 158, 201, 203–4, 223, 297, 352

  Bogotazo, El, 203–4, 223

  Bolívar, Juan Vicente, 167

  Bolívar, Simón, 45, 129, 163, 170–71, 240–41, 357

  army of, 169–71

  background and radicalization of, 167–68, 170

  emancipation as goal of, 168–71

  liberation campaign of, 6, 16, 99, 129, 148, 166–72, 177, 200–201, 305

  revolutionary philosophy and strategy of, 1
68–71

  in turn to dictatorship, 177–78, 192, 244, 360

  Bolivia, 16, 109, 171, 175, 181, 189, 193, 213, 230, 254, 264, 265, 268–69, 270, 293, 327, 347, 349, 350

  first Aymara president of, 328

  founding of, 15–16

  indigenous rebellion in, 155–56

  map, xiii

  religious concave in, 319

  silver mining in, 11–17

  Xavier’s mission in, 254, 255, 267–71, 290–93, 310–12, 317, 320, 348, 360

  bombings, 218, 221, 224, 230, 232, 253

  Born, Jorge and Juan, 212

  “born dead,” 246

  Borrados, los (Jews; erased ones), 316

  Boves, José Tomás, 171

  Braganza family, 164

  Brazil, 75, 93, 99, 102, 104, 110, 115, 116, 120, 132, 141, 164, 174, 175–77, 181, 189, 194, 213, 230, 239, 243, 244, 246, 270, 286, 311, 320, 325–26, 337, 339, 343, 347

  Benedict XVI’s Papal visit to, 329–30, 331–33

  bribes, bribery, 243, 289–90, 347, 446

  Brief History of the Destruction of the Indies (Las Casas), 287

  Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, The (J. Díaz), 198

  brigadistas (militants), 340

  Britain, 22, 96, 100, 164, 167, 169, 171, 195, 197, 223, 241, 260, 264, 286, 290, 347, 432

  colonization of North America by, 128, 308

  economic ascendancy of, 95, 97, 103–4

  Latin American commercial interests of, 16, 115, 118, 120, 175–77, 197

  Spanish conflicts with, 12, 97, 163–65, 287

  Buenos Aires, 75, 214, 241, 251, 261, 267–68, 270

  Buergos, Carlos, violent trajectory of, 135–37, 138, 159–62, 181–90, 205–8, 222, 232–38, 248, 355, 359–61

  Burnier, João Bosco, 339–40

  Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez, 147, 274, 362, 402

  Cabral, Pedro Álvarez, 141

  cachorreo (miner’s payment system), 17, 46, 112, 125

  caciques (tribal leaders), 62, 64

  Caesar, Julius, 72

  Cajamarca, 86–92, 121–24, 130, 300

  Calderón, Felipe, 245

  calendars, indigenous, 257, 261, 264

  Cali, Colombia, 75, 225, 241

  Cambodia, 229

  Campbell, Joseph, 265

  Canada, 1, 120–21

  Canary Islands, 43, 44, 115

  Cañas, Vicente, 339

  Candía, Pedro de, 34, 88

  cannibalism, 32, 61, 77, 139, 221, 271, 273–75, 288

  Canning, George, 16

  “Cantares Mexicanos,” 255

 

‹ Prev