The Generals
Page 59
Kennedy, John F., 115, 215, 228–29, 231, 252, 332
Bay of Pigs debacle and, 219–20
Joint Chiefs distrusted by, 220–22
Taylor’s relationship with, 219–20, 227
Kennedy, Robert F., 219
Kenney, George, 17
Kerwin, Walter “Dutch,” 217–18, 320
Kesselring, Albert, 71
Khafji, Battle of, 376–77
Khe Sanh, siege of, 288
Killebrew, Robert, 357, 420
Kimmel, Husband, 17
Kinnard, Douglas, 220, 235, 239, 254, 499n, 501n, 502n, 504n, 506n, 511n
Kinnard, Harry, 269
Kirkland, Faris, 168–71, 174, 493n, 494n
Kissinger, Henry, 258, 291–92, 303, 335, 507n, 512n
Kitfield, James, 339–40, 350, 519n, 520n, 521n, 523n
Kittrell, William, 44, 473n
Klein, Gary, 521n
Knights, Michael, 526n, 529n, 531n
Knowlton, William, 295, 307
Knox, Donald, 490n, 492n, 493n
Kocour, Max, 2
Koenig, James, 245
Komer, Robert, 227, 264, 289, 320–21, 460, 503n, 508n, 517n, 532n
Koontz, Christopher, 531n
Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of (North Korea), 122, 132, 191
Korea, Republic of (South Korea), 119, 122
Korean War, 4, 5, 11, 102, 110, 118, 119–75, 214, 237, 270, 296, 389, 390, 417, 449
Chosin campaign in, see Chosin campaign
Dean’s failed generalship in, 122–24
Inchon landings in, 125–26, 132
Joint Chiefs debate on, 190–91, 193, 197–98
MacArthur’s generalship in, 125–26, 127, 130–31, 133
onset of, 121
relief policy in, 122, 133–34, 183–89, 462
Ridgway’s handling of MacArthur in, 193–94
Ridgway’s taking command in, 176–77, 179–83, 192
rotation policy in, 275–76
Truman-MacArthur conflict in, 127–30, 180, 191, 192–93
U.S. command structure in, 127
U.S. unpreparedness in, 121–22
Wake Island meeting and, 128–30
Korean War, The (Ridgway), 178
Kosovo, 389, 462
Koster, Samuel, 295–96, 307, 425, 514n
My Lai cover-up and, 293–94, 300–301
My Lai investigation and, 304–5
Kozak, Jeffrey, 470n
Kraus, Theresa, 524n
Krepinevich, Andrew, Jr., 260, 263, 265, 269, 502n, 503n, 507n, 508n, 509n
Kristallnacht, 27
Kroesen, Frederick, 204, 330–31, 518n, 519n
Krohn, Charles, 260, 505n, 507n
Krueger, Walter, 34, 50, 100
Krulak, Victor, 268, 509n
Kuhl, Charles, 60
Kunk, Tom, 428–29
Kurds, 387, 435
Kuwait, 6, 248, 362, 372, 381, 382, 386, 387
La Bree, Clifton, 491n, 492n
Laird, Melvin, 319, 336
Landon, Alf, 102
Landrum, Eugene, 2–4
Lanning, Michael Lee, 505n, 516n
Laos, 271, 274
Larrabee, Eric, 98–99, 201, 472n, 473n, 481n, 483n, 484n, 485n, 487n, 499n
Latimer, George, 513n
Lear, Ben, 50
Leckie, Robert, 194, 497n
Lederman, Josh, 529n
Lee, Clark, 498n
Lejeune, John, 38, 490n
LeMay, Curtis, 115
Lemnitzer, Lyman, 220, 228
Lempke, Duane, 523n
Lemson, Roy, 477n, 478n
Lepre, George, 518n
Leu, Bernard, 108
Lewis, Adrian, 207, 276, 499n, 510n
Lewis, Bernard, 89–90, 481n
Lewis, Robert H., 472n
Lewis-Stempel, John, 474n
Lewy, Guenter, 281, 510n, 517n
Liebling, A. J., 478n, 479n
Lifton, Robert Jay, 297
Limited War: The Challenge to American Strategy (Osgood), 206
Lincoln, Abraham, 22, 95, 448
Lindbergh, Charles, 196
Linn, Brian, 349–50, 473n, 500n, 519n, 521n, 523n, 526n
Literary Digest, 102
Little, Roger, 211, 500n
Little Bighorn, Battle of the, 138
Litzenberg, Homer, 160, 173
Lloyd, William, 297
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 229
Lombardi, Vince, 232
Long, Huey, 100–101
Long, Perrin, 60
Long March, 166
Loory, Stuart, 515n
Lucas, John, 68–71, 77, 110, 133, 381, 478n
Luter, John, 498n
Luvaas, Jay, 483n, 484n
Luxembourg, 29, 42
Lynch, Jessica, 406
Lynch, Rick, 510n
M1 Garand rifle, 15
MacArthur, Douglas, 8, 11, 17, 18, 41, 44, 47, 61, 85, 96–105, 106, 122, 125, 141, 150, 153, 176, 177, 179, 184, 188, 214, 236, 270, 291, 384, 394–95, 445, 462, 473n, 476n, 483n, 487n, 489n, 497n
Acheson on, 192
Bonus Marchers and, 61, 126, 370
Chief-of-staff position and, 97–98, 102–3
Chosin campaign and, 136, 142, 149, 166–67
congressional hearings on firing of, 197–98
cronyism of, 127
“die for a tie” proclamation of, 194
Eisenhower on, 101–2
FDR’s Hawaii meeting with, 104
FDR’s political strategy and, 98–101, 105
generalship of, 125–26, 127, 130–31
insubordination of, 192–93, 195–96
Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 190–91, 193, 197–98
Korean War generalship of, 127–30, 180, 191, 192–93
leadership style of, 96–97
legacy of, 201–2
Martin letter of, 195
Medal of Honor accepted by, 99–100, 124, 201–2
military career of, 96–98
modern obscurity of, 202
at 1952 Republican convention, 199
as political problem, 131–32
presidential ambition of, 101–4, 130, 193, 198–200
promoted to field marshal, 102
in return to U.S., 196–97
Ridgway’s relationship with, 179–80, 193–94
Ridgway’s success in Korea and, 190–91
self-importance of, 126–27
subordinates and, 100, 197
Truman’s conflict with, 127–30, 180, 191, 192–93
Truman’s firing of, 105, 196–97
Truman’s Wake Island meeting with, 128–30, 193, 198
ultraconservative backers of, 43–44, 198
Vietnam War influence of, 202, 214, 237
war with China advocated by, 194–98
in World War II, 126–27
MacArthur, Douglas, II, 223
MacArthur the Magnificent (Considine), 201
McCaffrey, Barry, 332, 336
McCarthy, Frank, 43–44
McCarthy, Joseph, 140–41, 199, 200–201, 206
McChrystal, Herbert, Jr., 337
McChrystal, Stanley, 440, 462
McClellan, George, 22, 95
McCloskey, Paul, Jr., 492n
McClure, Robert, 133–34, 185–86, 496n
McCormick, Robert, 140
MacDonald, Charles, 233, 480n, 484n, 496n, 505n
; McDonald, David, 257–58
McDowell, Irvin, 22
MacFarland, Sean, 421, 529n
McGarr, Lionel, 211, 226
MacGarrigle, George, 486n, 505n, 506n, 507n, 513n
McGee, General, 159
McKellar, Charles, 160–61, 165–66
MacKelvie, Jay, 1–4
McKiernan, David, 439–40, 462
Macksey, Kenneth, 475n
McLain, Raymond, 5, 7
MacLean, Allan, 138, 141–42
McMahon, John, 22
McManus, John, 467n
McMaster, H. R., 100, 228, 256, 258, 431, 438, 441, 443, 483, 499n, 503n, 506n, 507n
McNair, Lesley, 33
McNamara, Robert, 228, 229–30, 236–37, 248, 253–55, 256, 262–63, 290, 319, 397, 416, 499n
McNarney, Joseph, 483n
McNeill, Dan, 440
McPherson, Renny, 532n
Mahaffey, Jane, 475n
Mahnken, Thomas, 500n
Malaysia, 261
Mallory, John, 471n
Malone, Dandridge M., 311, 341, 515n, 516n, 518n, 520n, 521n
Malson, Bruce, 523n
Manchester, William, 497n
Manchuria, 191, 195
Manning, Jennifer, 532n
Mansoor, Peter, 436, 475n, 481n, 531n
Mao Zedong, 166
Maraniss, David, 506n
Marine Corps, U.S., 12, 151, 172, 209, 223, 234, 255–56, 259, 320, 372
Haditha massacre and, 427
relief policy of, 405
rotation policy of, 456–57
23rd Division and, 295–96
Vietnam counterinsurgency approach of, 267–69, 271, 273
Markel, Wade, 38, 280, 468n, 472n, 473n, 510n
Market Garden, Operation, 87–88
Marsh, John, 353, 522n
Marshall, George C., 12, 15, 17–39, 56, 59, 62–63, 67, 69, 73, 83, 87, 90, 91, 96, 104, 106, 108, 109, 110–11, 116, 126, 150–51, 165, 177, 199, 206, 218, 219, 228, 251, 256, 290, 309, 330, 331, 332, 340, 351–52, 378, 382, 389, 419, 440, 445, 447, 449–50, 454, 470n, 471n, 483n, 489n, 490n–91n, 510n, 520n
Allen and, 74, 79–80
background of, 19
as chief of staff, 102–3, 178
common soldier and, 112–14
death of, 189
as defense secretary, 188–89
Eisenhower tested by, 40–46
FDR’s confrontation with, 27–30, 258
FDR’s relationship with, 31
generalship traits sought by, 10–11, 24–26, 57–58
“little black book” of, 24
MacArthur and, 97–98, 99, 101
McCarthy’s denunciation of, 200–201
management style of, 47, 49
military achievements of, 18
mistakes of, 50–51
Pershing and leadership of, 23–24
Pershing’s confrontations with, 20–21, 23, 27, 30
racial issues misperceived by, 153
relief policy of, see Marshall system
Ridgway’s recollection of, 177
in South America mission, 31–32, 178
teamwork valued by, 37–38, 117
Torch command decision of, 51–52
in World War I, 19–20, 23
Marshall, S. L. A., 133–34, 155, 167, 276, 488n, 504n
Marshall Plan, 43
Marshall system, 8, 11, 17–18, 32–37, 101, 185, 450–52, 453, 454
critics of, 109–10
effectiveness of, 109–12
in Korean War, 185, 187
legacy of, 116–18
politics of, 112–16
in post-Korean War Army, 213–14
Starry’s acceptance of, 361
teamwork and, 37–38, 117
Martin, Frederick, 17
Martin, Joe, 195
Martin, Paul, 164
Martin, Robert, 123
Maslowski, Peter, 469n, 499n
Mason, John T., Jr., 501n
massive retaliation, doctrine of, 209
Matloff, Maurice, 469n, 495n
Matthews, Lloyd, 352, 521n, 526n, 530n
Matthews, Sidney T., 477n, 478n, 481n
Mattis, James, 405–9, 433, 440, 445, 528n
Mauldin, Bill, 114
Maurer, Harry, 506n, 516n
May, Hugh, 493n
Meade, George, 22
Meadlo, Paul, 302–3
Medal of Honor, 99–100, 197, 477n, 483n
in Chosin campaign, 170, 174
of MacArthur, 99–100, 124, 201–2
Medina, Ernest, 296, 297–98, 299, 300, 306
Medina Ridge, Battle of, 379
Meet the Press, 233
Meigs, Montgomery, 332, 392–93, 519n, 527n
Mellenthin, Friedrich von, 90, 481n
Mexico, 107
Meyer, Edward, 350, 485n
Meyer, Harold, 467n, 468n, 502n
Michaelis, John, 183
Michaud, Doug, 161
Michener, James, 187, 496n
micromanagement:
relief policy and, 13, 58
trust and, 360
in U.S. Army, 210, 211–12, 359–61, 390–92
in Vietnam War, 278
Westmoreland and, 204
Middle East, 48, 387, 412, 430
Middleton, Troy, 50, 66, 114, 520n
Mikolashek, Paul, 440
Milburn, Frank “Shrimp,” 187–88
Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV), 235
Military Review, 209, 212, 345, 391, 392
Miller, Albert, 103–4
Miller, Merle, 497n, 498n
Millett, Allan, 72, 189–90, 469n, 478n, 486n, 487n, 496n, 497n, 499n
Missouri, USS, 384
Mitchell, Sergeant, 298
Mock, Herb, 325
Mockler-Ferryman, Eric, 54
Moellering, John, 508n
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 11, 49, 54, 81–95, 106, 108, 480n, 481n, 482n
Anglo-American relations and, 82–83, 89–91, 95
in Battle of the Bulge, 88–89, 92–93
egotism of, 85, 94
Eisenhower’s first meeting with, 81–82
Eisenhower’s relationship with, 85–88, 95
oddness of, 81, 88
Operation Market Garden and, 87–88
promoted to field marshal, 83
relief policy of, 94–95
U.S. military as viewed by, 82
war strategy of, 83
Montgomery, David, 481n
Montross, Lynn, 488n
Morelock, J. D., 107, 468n, 472n, 484n
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 29–30
Mormons, 19
Morse, Wayne, 256
Mortrude, James, 144
Moskos, Charles C., 518n
MPRI, 390
Muir, James, 224
Mullen, William, 467n
Munich agreement, 27
Murchison, Clint, 198
Murphy, Charles J. V., 500n
Murray, Raymond, 136, 160, 173
Murray, Williamson, 72, 478n, 486n
Myers, Richard, 12
My Lai massacre, 240, 279, 293–314, 341, 370, 425
Barker’s Combat Action Report and, 301
chain of command and, 293, 300, 305
Charlie Company in, 294–96
cover-up of, 293–94, 300–306
failure of leadership in, 309–10
killings in, 298–300
loss of documents and evidence in, 304–6
Meadlo’s confession in, 302–3
officer corps’s reputation and, 311–14
onset of, 296–97
Peers’s investigation of, 304–5, 309
Peers’s memo to Westmoreland on, 309–11
political pressure and, 306–8
politicization of, 303
prosecutions in, 306–8
rapes and looting in, 298–99
revelation of, 294
Thompson’s intervention in, 294–95, 300–302
Thompson’s testimony and, 308
Westmoreland and, 303, 307, 309–10
Wilson’s investigation of, 302–3
Nagl, John, 442
Napoleon I, emperor of France, ix, 410
Nashville, USS, 32
National Liberation Front, 259
National Training Center (NTC), 338–39
Nautilus, USS, 207
Naval Academy, 409
Navy, U.S., 12, 38, 98, 215, 222, 372
command traditions in, 12–13
Fighter Weapons School (Top Gun) of, 338
post–Korean War expansion of, 207, 208
Rainbow 5 war plan of, 47
relief policy of, 452
War Plan Orange of, 46
Nelsen, John, 471n
Nenninger, Timothy, 470n
Netherlands, 29, 42, 88
New Deal, 28, 104
Newell, John, III, 524n
Newman, Aubrey, 212, 500n
Newsweek, 247
New York Times, 198, 199, 423
New Zealand, 46
Ngo Dinh Diem, 224–25, 265
Ngo Minh Khoi, 286
Ngo Quang Truong, 225, 226, 272–73, 502n, 509n, 510n
Nguyen Cong Minh, 292
Nguyen Ngoc Bich, 512n
Nguyen Ngoc Loan, 287
Nguyen Thi Dinh, 281–82, 324
Nguyen Thi Hoa, 283
Nguyen Van Nghi, 282
Nicaragua, 370
Nielsen, Suzanne, 361, 523n
Nimitz, Chester, 98, 151
Ninth Army, U.S., 94, 107–8
9th Division, Viet Cong, 250
9th Infantry Division, U.S., 53, 316
9th Infantry Regiment, U.S., 4
90th Infantry Division, U.S., 1–8, 241, 244, 467n
92nd Infantry Division, U.S., 153–54
Nitze, Paul, 113, 485n
Nixon, Richard, 291, 303, 306, 319, 321, 335–36
Nolan, Keith, 278, 328, 509n, 510n, 518n
Noriega, Manuel, 362
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 117, 200
Afghan war and, 439
North Vietnamese Army (NVA), 294, 315–16
Norway, 83
Obama, Barack, 419, 440
Obama Administration, 439–40