Wild Bill Donovan

by Douglas Waller

  47–48 After David’s to serious affair: “Yankee Back Home After Third World Cruise,” unidentified news article, B: unnumbered third and fourth boxes from the end of the collection, WJDP, MHI; Application for Commission in U.S. Naval Reserve from David Rumsey Donovan, Oct. 20, 1940, NPRC; Gilbert, Sept. 29, 2007, Jan. 12, 2008; WJD to RRD undated letter, B: 135, WJDP, MHI; WJD undated letters to RRD, B: 137C, WJDP, MHI; Brown, pp. 139–41; Interview with Guy Martin, April 28, 1981, B: 6, RDP, MHI; RRD letter to WJD, Jan. 26, 1930, B: 137C, WJDP, MHI; New York Times reprint unidentified, B: 119A, WJDP, MHI; EP interview, B: 6, RDP, MHI; Interview with Mrs. William J. Donovan, March 6, 1972, B: 7, TTP, RG263, NA; Interview with OCD, p. 416, B: “Oral History Interviews—OCD, Activities in Europe, 1941–89,” WJDP, MHI; Kingsley, Jan. 7, 2008.

  48–49 The midnight to a contract: “Mrs. Vanderbilt Enjoys Midnight Reception,” unidentified news article, B: 137C, WJDP, MHI; “Pierpont M. Hamilton Weds Miss Stickney,” Jan. 5, 1930, “P. M. Hamilton Asks Divorce,” July 24, 1946, New York Times; Bancroft, OHC, pp. 201–4, 337–41; Bancroft, pp. 59, 73–89, 91, 138; Memo of conversation with Betty McIntosh, April 26, 1973, B: 7, TTP, RG263, NA; vanden Heuvel, April 15, 2009.

  CHAPTER 6: WAR CLOUDS

  51 America intervened: WVHD, pp. 29, 61, WJDP, MHI; Personal Records of Alaska and the Yukon Hunting Trip 1939 by H. Wendell Endicott, Box 132C, WJDP, MHI.

  51 “look at it”: Smith, OHC, pp. 57–58; David G. Donovan, Nov. 11, 2007; “Coffee, Tea or Turtle Soup?,” U.S. News & World Report Web site, posted Dec. 12, 2009; Lumbard, OHC, p. 13; “Remembering 109,” by Guy Martin, OSS Society Newsletter, Spring 2003.

  52 to answer: WJD diary entry, Nov. 27, 1935, B: 132C, WJDP, MHI; WJD letter to Douglas MacArthur, Sept. 17, 1935, George S. Simonds letter to WJD, Sept. 30, 1935, Ambassador Augusto Rosso letter to WJD, Dec. 2, 1935, B: 8A-Part 1, WJDP, MHI.

  52–53 The day after to Il Duce insisted: WJD Diary of Trip to Ethiopia, Dec. 26, 1935, B: 96A, WJDP, MHI; WVHD, p. 10, WJDP, MHI.

  54 gatherer overseas: WJD Diary of Trip to Ethiopia, Jan. 4–15, 1936, B: 96A, WJDP, MHI; WJD letter to Marshal Pietro Badoglio, March 11, 1936, WJD letter to Ambassador Augusto Rosso, March 23, 1936, B: 8A-Part 1, WJDP, MHI; Desmond Morton memo, Feb. 9, 1936, memo to private secretary of WC, Feb. 7, 1936, 2-251-30-33, CHAR, CA.

  54 from the Nazis: “Nazi Judicial Curb Protested by Bar,” May 29, 1933, New York Times; NY Rpt. 1/2/42, 65-3108-17 (27), Letter to Richmond 8/21/40 61-5062-5 (28), FBI; Dunlop, p. 191.

  54 quietly listened: Detailed Interrogation Report on Gen. Warlimont, CCPWE #32/DI-18, June 29, 1945, Vol. VII-13-08, COR.

  55 political purposes: “Donovan of the 69th,” unidentified news article, Feb. 17, 1940, Local Biographies, A-J, BECPL; We the People radio program transcript, Jan. 23, 1940, B: 2B, WJDP, MHI; Harris, pp. xvii, xx–xxi.

  55 White House: WJD address before the Women’s Republican Club Albany County, July 23, 1935, B: 2A, WJDP, MHI; WJD address at the Illinois Favorite Son Homecoming Celebration, April 4, 1934, B: 2B, WJDP, MHI; WJD address before the State Convention of the American Legion at Fairmont, W. Va., Sept. 1, 1936, B: 2A, WJDP, MHI; Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 28; Wadsworth, OHC, 433–39; Donovan, “Should Men of 50 Fight Our Wars?,” p. 30; WJD letter to James A. Farley for the Paderewski Fund, March 25, 1940, PPF 6558, FDRL; Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War, pp. 91, 94; interview with OCD, p. 40, B: “Oral History Interviews—OCD, Activities in Europe 1941–89,” WJDP, MHI; WVHD, pp. 29, 62, WJDP, MHI.

  56 other Republicans: FK letter to FDR, Dec. 15, 1939, and FDR response, Dec. 29, 1939, Departmental File Navy, Knox, Frank, 1939–41, PSF, FDRL; FK letter to Annie Knox, 1940, B: 3, FKP, LOC; Harold Ickes diaries, entry Dec. 24, 1939, HIP, LOC; vanden Heuvel, Jan. 1, 2008.

  56–57 A heavy to he lost: “Miss Donovan Killed in Crash,” Buffalo Evening News, April 9, 1940; “Former Buffalo Girl Dies in Virginia Auto Accident,” Buffalo Courier Express, April 9, 1940; “Patricia Donovan Is Killed When Car Crashes into Tree,” unidentified news article, Fr: 258–60, R: 14, GMP, LOC; “Donovan Rites Set for Today at Washington,” Buffalo Courier Express, April 10, 1940; “Patricia Donovan,” April 10, 1940, “Mrs. Donovan Receives Word of Death by Radio,” April 11, 1940, Buffalo News; Smith, OHC, pp. 34–35; McFadden, OHC, p. 6; WVHD, p. 30, WJDP, MHI; vanden Heuvel, April 15, 2009; Tippaparn Donovan, Jan. 24, 2008; Gilbert, Oct. 29, 2007, April 10, 2009.

  CHAPTER 7: ENVOY

  58 confirmation hearing: FK letter to Annie Knox, July 6, 1940, B: 3, FKP, LOC; Henry Green letter to WJD, June 24, 1940, B: 234, HIP, LOC.

  59 Patricia’s death: Troy, Donovan and the CIA, p. 31; WVHD, p. 3, WJDP, MHI; FK letter to CH, Oct. 25, 1938, Fr: 1089, R: 16, CHP, LOC; Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 25–34; vanden Heuvel, Jan. 7, 2008.

  59 get-acquainted chat: RRD to Thomas Troy, May 20, 1968, B: 7, TTP, RG263, NA; Dunlop, pp. 206, 208–9; Churchill appointment calendar, July 25, 1940, CHAR-19-2, CA; Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, p. 55; J. B. 16/7, American Department, Marquess of Lothian cables, July 10 and 13, 1940, FO 371-24237, NAUK.

  60 be anticipated: Brendan Bracken cable to Lord Lothian, Aug. 29, 1940, FO 371-24237, NAUK; “Enemy Aliens in the United Kingdom July 1940, File on Great Britain War Time Documents, Vol. 3, B: 97A, WJDP, MHI; Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, pp. 52–54; WJD letter to FDR, Oct. 1, 1940, PPF 6558, FDRL; Corson, pp. 119–20; WJD schedule in London, July 22–Aug. 1, 1940, letter to WJD on Menzies, July 25, 1940, B: 81B, WJDP, MHI; WJD letter to S. G. Menzies, Aug. 27, 1940, WJDP, MHI; L.A. Hince memo to JEH, Sept. 18, 1942, B: 8, TTP, RG263, NA, foIA NW 31095.

  60 sea lanes: Air Ministry memo, July 31, 1940, B: 81B, WJDP, MHI; WJD letter to Brendan Bracken, Aug. 27, 1940, B: 81B, WJDP, MHI; WJD speech to the Union League of Philadelphia, B: 2B, WJDP, MHI; Marquess of Lothian cable, Aug. 7, 1940, FO 371-24237, NAUK; Cable to Lord Lothian, November 1940, FO 317-2451, NAUK.

  61 Back in to be sent: “Today and Tomorrow,” by Walter Lippmann, New York Herald Tribune, Feb. 11, 1941; HS diary entry, Aug. 6, 1940, Film HM 51, HSP, YU; “Defense Program Hitting Its Stride, President Asserts,” New York Times, Aug. 11, 1940; White House telegram, Aug. 6, 1940, Schedule of Trip of the President, Aug. 9–13, 1940, Members of the presidential party list, Fishing Grounds memo for Massachusetts Bay, Pouch to Poughkeepsie, New York, Aug. 7, 1940, File on Hyde Park, N.Y.–New England Navy Yards, Aug. 3–12, 1940, OF 200-PPP, FDRL; WJD letter to Sir Cyril Newall, Aug. 27, 1940, B: 81B, WJDP, MHI; Account of Balfour conversation with Whitehead, Dec. 19, 1940, FO 371-2463, NAUK; Transcript of presidential press conference, Aug. 10, 1940, FDRL.

  62 several years: Account of Balfour conversation with Whitehead, Dec. 19, 1940, FO 371-2463, NAUK; Transcript of presidential press conferences, July 14, 1936, Aug. 6 and 9, 1940, FDRL; Oral History Interview with Walter Trohan, pp. 1–4, 69–74, 113–15, HSTL; Samuel I. Rosenman interview, Nov. 11, 1971, B: 7, TTP, RG263, NA; “Donovan Confident of Britain,” New York Post, Aug. 12, 1940; Steve Early correspondence with Walter Trohan, File: Correspondence TR-WAK, Walter Trohan, SEP, FDRL.

  62 wrote a friend: WJD letter to Raymond Lee, Aug. 28, 1940, B: 81B, WJDP, MHI; WJD Speech before the Union League of Philadelphia, B: 2B, WJDP, MHI; C. A. Powell letter to WJD, Oct. 9, 1940, Schedule of Navy Secretary, Sept. 9–13, 1940, and Navy narrative of Hawaii trip, B: “United Kingdom, the Balkans, etc.,” WJDP, MHI.

  62 New York lawyer: “U.S. Survey of Hitler Conquests Reveals ‘5th Column’ Spearhead,” by William J. Donovan and Edgar Mowrer, Aug. 20, 1940, “Germans Said to Spend Vast Sums Abroad to Pave Way for Conquest,” by William J. Donovan and Edgar Mowrer, Aug. 23, 1940, New York Times; JEH Confidential Memorandum, Aug. 24, 1936, B: 8, TTP, RG263, NA; Dunlop, p. 225; WJD letter to Robert Van Sittart, Sept. 21, 1940, B: 81B, WJDP, MHI.

  63 into the war: WJD corrections of Conyers Read history, B: 1, TTP, RG263, NA; Gene Tunney letter to Thomas Troy, Aug. 6, 1969, B: 7, TTP, RG263, NA; Ernest Cuneo Manuscript on the OSS and BSC, File: N-P, ECP, FDRL; Troy, Wild Bill
and Intrepid, pp. 31–32, 67; Charles, p. 227.

  63 private lunch: Photo captioned “In London on a Mission for the U.S.,” New York Times, Dec. 19, 1940; Telegram 1 . ZIfl. (geh. Chiff. Verf.), Dec. 14, 1940, Fr: 587613–14, R: 1442, T-120, NA; A. G. cable to Secretary of State, Dec. 17, 1940, Marquess of Lothian cable, Nov. 28, 1940, V. G. Lawford letter, Dec. 18, 1940, FO 371-24263, NAUK; “Very Secret—But Sure We’ll Win,” Daily Mirror, Dec. 21, 1940.

  64 Donovan agreed: WJD speech to the Empire Club of Canada, April 10, 1941, B: 2B, WJDP, MHI; Churchill, The Grand Alliance, pp. 28–37.

  64–65 Cables went to foreign countries: WJD briefing to War Department officers on his London trip, March 17, 1941, B: 89, E: 99, RG226, NA; Cipher telegram to Sir M. Lampson (Cairo), No. 1608, Dec. 24, 1940, FO 371-24263, NAUK; Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, p. 87; Sir M. Palairet cable to Sofia, Jan. 18, 1941, FO 371-29792, NAUK; Memorandum of Conversation by WJD with King Boris, Jan. 22, 1941, FO 371-29721, NAUK; Foreign Office telegram to Halifax, March 10, 1941, PREM 4-25-5, NAUK; Wallace Murray cable to AB, Feb. 15, 1941, EW 101-200, 740.00118, RG59, NA.

  65–66 Berlin grew to inside it: “Donovan Tour ‘Impudent,’” Jan. 29, 1941, New York Herald Tribune; WJD briefing to War Department officers on his London trip, March 17, 1941, B: 89, E: 99, RG226, NA; Sofia to Foreign Office cable, Jan. 27, 1941, FO 371-29721, NAUK; State Department cable, March 29, 1941, B: 137B, WJDP, MHI; Cablegram received from London, Feb. 2, 1941, No. 729, File 2257-22-325, MID, E: 65, RG165, NA; Documents on German Foreign Policy, pp. 1201–3; Aussen-und militaerpolitische Nachrichten, Feb. 21, 1941, Fr: 6583368-69, R: 933, T-77, NA; Mrs. William J. Donovan interview, March 6, 1972, B: 7, TTP, GR263, NA.

  66 a celebrity: “Donovan Back with Advice for Defense of U.S.,” New York Herald Tribune, March 19, 1941; Gilbert, Sept. 29, 2007, Jan. 12, 2008; David G. Donovan, Nov. 15, 2007; Wise, Jan. 27, 2008; Report of Investigation of Applicant for Appointment in U.S. Naval Reserve for David Rumsey Donovan, Feb. 12, 1941, John F. O’Keefe memo to Commander Ihrig, Feb. 26, 1941, NPRC; Wise, Jan. 27, 2008.

  66 “the President”: WJD Cable to FK, Feb. 20, 1941, Fr: 1150–59, R: 3, M1642, NA; WJD letter to FK, April 26, 1941, B: 139A, WJDP, MHI.

  67 “materials required”: “Roosevelt Sees Donovan: Goes South Today,” New York Journal American, March 19, 1941; E.M.W. memo to FDR, March 18, 1941, PPF 6558, FDRL; Hopkins cable to WC, March 19, 1941, Winston S. Churchill File, HHP, FDRL.

  67 “is going on”: Henry Morgenthau Jr. diary entry, March 20, 1941, Book 384, pp. 14–25, HMD, FDRL; Batvinis, pp. 98–100, 120–22.

  68 to make: Weinberg, p. 522; WJD broadcast press release, March 26, 1941, B: 1B, WJDP, MHI; Letters to WJD on March 26, 1941, radio address, B: 2B, WJDP, MHI; “Col. Donovan to Make Reply to Lindbergh,” Pittsburgh Post Gazette, June 18, 1941; “Germans Renew War Zone Threat,” New York Times, April 26, 1941; “Italians Assail Donovan’s Tour,” New York Sun, April 11, 1941; “Washington Glum over Balkan War,” New York Times, April 12, 1941; Bess, pp. 9, 118–21.

  68 targeting Donovan: JEH note on Memo for the Director, Nov. 11, 29, 1941, 62-64427-76 (118), Memorandum RE: William J. Donovan and the Office of the Coordinator of Information, Jan. 5, 1942, FBI; Batvinis, pp. 192–96; Charles, p. 233; JEH letter to EW with memo, March 5, 1941, Rpt. No. 669, DOJ, JEH memo to EW, March 17, 1941, Rpt. No. 687, DOF, OF 10B, FDRL; Troy, Wild Bill and Intrepid, p. 82.

  CHAPTER 8: SPY SERVICE

  69 Marshall agreed: WJD letter to Vivian Dykes, May 9, 1941, B: 104B, WJDP, MHI; WJD letter to FK, July 3, 1941, B: 119A, WJDP, MHI; Sherman Miles memo to Chief of Staff, April 8, 1941, File: 310.11, B: 423, E: 47, RG319, NA.

  70 “effectively employed”: Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War, pp. xii, 3–9, 96, 181; Notes from WJD, April 5, 1949, B: “Bomb Fuses, Admiral Darlan, etc.,” WJDP, MHI; Brig. Gen. Sherman Miles memo on Area Controller for the New York Area, April 3, 1941, B: 1, TTP, RG263, NA; Chalou, p. 13; Batvinis, p. 32; WJD Memorandum on Establishment of Service of Strategic Information, June 10, 1941, B: 89, E: 47, RG226, NA.

  71 “I want”: WJD address before the Economic Policy Club of Detroit, Dec. 2, 1946, B: 3A, WJDP, MHI; Ian Fleming memo to WJD, June 27, 1941, B: 2, TTP, RG263, NA; AB diary entry, Sept, 27, 1941, ABP, FDRL; James Wright letter to A. W. Kirchhofer, June 16, 1942, B: 19, RDP, MHI; WJD letter to Bill Whitney, Aug. 19, 1941, Fr: 373–74, R: 123, M1642, RG226, NA; Smith, Shadow Warriors, p. 64.

  71 operations now: St. Paul letter, July 7, 1936, 62-43010-1-45X (59), FBI; Batvinis, pp. 77–80, 197; JEH letter to EW, June 2, 1941, Rpt. No. 796-A, DOJ, 10B, OF, FDRL; Gentry, pp. 223–29.

  72 intelligence operations: interview with James G. Rogers, Oct. 5, 1944, B: unnumbered third and fourth boxes from the end of the collection, WJDP, MHI; HS diary entries, June 22–July 1, 1941, Film HM 51, HSP, YU; Gladieux, OHC, pp. 187–91; Brig. Gen. Sherman Miles memo for the Chief of Staff, May 22, 1941, B: 1, TTP, RG263, NA; Designating a Coordinator of Information, FDR, July 11, 1941, Fr: 43, R: 4, M1642, RG226, NA; FDR memo to Director of the Budget, June 28, 1941, PPF 6558, FDRL.

  72 prove true: Viscount Halifax cable to War Cabinet, June 26, 1941, FO 371-26231, NAUK; Telegram (Geh. CH. V.), Thomsen to Berlin, Aug. 9, 1941, Fr: 375592–95, R: 782, T-120, NA, Harold L. Ickes diary entry, June 6, 1941, HIP, LOC.

  72–73 Around the to on the road: Rosenman, OHC, p. 181; Notes on Discussion between Mr. Elmo Roper and Mr. A. M. Wilson, Jan. 8, 1945, B: German Documents, Elmo Roper, etc., WJDP, MHI; Interview with Robert E. Sherwood, Jan. 10, 1945, B: Interviews—Bancroft to Sherwood 1945-undated, WHDP, MHI; Interview with Dr. J. P. Baxter, Oct. 25, 1944, Col. Thomas Early’s dictated report, Dec. 12, 1044, B: unnumbered third and fourth boxes from the end of the collection, WJDP, MHI; Bob Sherwood letter to WJD, June 16, 1941, B: 99B, WJDP, MHI; E. F. McDonald letter to WJD, Feb. 20, 1942, and WJD response, March 9, 1942, Fr: 3–4, R: 70, M1642, RG226, NA; Harold Smith letter to WJD, July 30, 1941, B: 1, TTP, RG263, NA.

  73–74 Donovan made to spy agency: Author tour of former OSS headquarters on Navy Hill, Sept. 27, 2007; “Washington Merry-Go-Round,” by Drew Pearson and Robert S. Allen, Washington Times-Herald, Dec. 3, 1941; Bowman, OHP, p. 22; Dunlop, p. 175; Telegram (Geh. CH. V.) by Ambassador Thomsen, Washington, Aug. 27, 1941, Fr: 37685, R: 782, T-120, NA.

  74 bureaucratic competitor: Memorandum on Office of Coordination, April 5, 1963, B: 19, RDP, MHI; Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War, pp. 56–58; JFC memo to FDR, Dec. 18, 1941, JFC, Nov.–Dec. 1941 File, Subject File, PSF, FDRL; Memo to SW, Feb. 10, 1941, State Department File, 1938–45, JFC, ABP, FDRL; “Changed Donovan Works in Capital,” by Jay Franklin (pen name for John Franklin Carter), Newark Evening News, Sept. 8, 1941; JEH memo to Clyde Tolson, Nov. 17, 1941, War File, B: 20, E: 14B, RG65, NA.

  75 “amicable relationships”: Notes on Discussion between Elmo Roper and A. M. Wilson, Jan. 8, 1952, B: German Documents, Elmo Roper, etc., WJDP, interview with Robert Sherwood, Jan. 10, 1945, B: Interviews—Bancroft to Sherwood 1945-undated, WJDP, MH; “A Look at ‘Invisible’ C.O.I.,” Oct. 5, 1941, True Comics, Nov. 30 and Dec. 7, 1941, Washington Star; Viscount Halifax cable to Foreign Office, Oct. 31, 1941, FO 954-24A, NAUK.

  75 foreign policy: HS diary entry, Nov. 12, 1941, Film HM 51, HSP, YU; Sherman Miles memo to Chief of Staff, Dec. 5, 1941, B: 2, TTP, RG263, NA; Hamilton Fish Armstrong letter to SW, Sept. 17, 1941, B: 24, HAP, PU.

  76 he deserved: Gladieux, OHC, pp. 270–78; Harold Smith letter to WJD, Dec. 8, 1941, WJD letter to Lindsey C. Warren, Dec. 24, 1941, Fr: 373–415, R: 27, Robert Sherwood memo to WJD, Oct. 20, 1941, Fr: 92–100, R: 123, M1642, RG226, NA; Morris, pp. 162–67; White House memo to WJD, Oct. 15, 1951, OSS, 1940–Oct. 1941 File, OF 4485, FDRL.

  76 was false: Sherman Miles letter to Major Goodfellow, Nov. 7, 1941, B: 632, E: 47, RG319, NA; WL letter to WJD, Nov. 23, 1941, with Walter Winchell “On Broadway” column, Nov. 23, 1941, Fr: 544–46, R: 136, M1642, RG226, NA.

  77 Donovan refused: Collier’s news item, Nov. 22, 1941, JEH letter
to WJD, Nov. 21, 1941, Fr: 511–12, R: 46, M1642, RG226, NA; JEH letter to WJD, Oct. 22, 1941, Fr: 596–602, R: 46, M1642, RG226, NA; Putzell, OHP, pp. 39–40; Memo for the Director, July 19, 1941, 62-63816-2 (81), Bureau letter, Dec. 2, 1941, 62-64427-75 (118), FBI.

  77 “secret legs”: Ernest Cuneo Manuscript on the OSS and BSC, N-P File, ECP, FDRL; interview with WL, Feb. 5, 1969, B: 136B, WJDP, MHI; Troy, Donovan and the CIA, pp. 111–15; Mauch, pp. 35–42; Dunlop, p. 199; James L. Wright letter to A. M. Kirchhofer, June 16, 1942, B: 19, RDP, MHI; WJD memo to FDR, Dec. 22, 1941, OSS, Reports 12-22 to 31-41 File, Subject File, PSF, FDRL.

  78 to Hopkins: Oberleutnant report, Nov. 29, 1941, Fr: 205460–62, R: 275, T-120, NA; Brinkley, p. 36; Kent, pp. 124–26.

  78 even-numbered ones: Summary of Present System of Collecting Military Information from Abroad, June 15, 1941, B: 1, TTP, RG263, NA; Ranelagh, p. 58; Weinberg, p. 312; Persico, Roosevelt’s Secret War, pp. 102–3.

  78 newspaper features: Edgar Mowrer letter to WJD, Sept. 30, 1941, $1,880 COI invoice for Edgar Mowrer, Fr: 338–51, R: 75, Fr: 1064, R: 46, M1642, RG 226, NA; DB memo, Dec. 2, 1941; Dunlop, pp. 329–30.

  78–80 At 1 p.m. to that speech: Donovan appointment book, Dec. 5, 1941, B: 98A & B, WJDP, MHI; EP letter to S/Sgt. Kisner, Dec. 3, 1944, Fr: 480, R: 45, M1642, RG226, NA; Page, OHP, pp. 22, 47; MacDonald, p. 22; Bowman, OHP, p. 18; Smith, Shadow Warriors, pp. 378–79; Interview with Wayne Nelson, Nov. 28, 1961, B: 4A, WJDP, MHI; Nelson Poynter memo to Archibald MacLeish, Dec. 4, 1941, Fr: 327–30, R: 121, Nelson Poynter memo with FDR speech draft to WJD, Dec. 4, 1941, Fr: 1393–1402, Nelson Poynter memo to WJD, Dec. 6, 1941, Fr: 1403, R: 48, M1642, RG226, NA; Kent, pp. 115–17.