The Life of Mark Twain

by Gary Scharnhorst

  15. RI, 563; “Amusements, Etc.,” SFDC, 3 October 1866, 3; “Mark Twain’s Lecture on the Sandwich Islands,” SFMC, 3 October 1866, 3; “Mark Twain before Artemus,” Sacramento Bee, 11 October 1866, 3; “Local Matters,” SFB, 3 October 1866, 5; Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” 456; Golden Era, 7 October 1866, 3; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 31; Harte, Bret Harte’s California, 104.

  16. MTL, 1:333; “Sold Out,” NCT, 30 September 1865, 2; “Released,” San Francisco Elevator, 23 March 1866, 2; Sacramento Bee, 5 November 1866, 3; “A Newspaper Suit,” Sacramento Bee, 14 November 1866, 2.

  17. “Amusements,” SU, 10 October 1866, 3; Sacramento Bee, 8 October 1866, 2; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 37; “Mark Twain’s Poster,” Carson (Nev.) Appeal, 20 October 1866, 2; “Mark—His Mission,” Sacramento Bee, 12 October 1866, 3; “Mark Twain at the Metropolitan,” SU, 12 October 1866, 3; MTL, 3:401; “Mark Twain’s Interior Notes,” SFB, 30 November 1866, 1.

  18. “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” Marysville (Calif.) Appeal, 16 October 1866, 3; Tanner and Scharnhorst, “Mark Twain Speaking: Three New Documents,” 23; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 50.

  19. NCT, 23 October 1866, 2; “Another of Mark Twain’s Funny Advertisements,” Carson (Nev.) Appeal, 26 October 1866, 2; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” NCT, 23 October 1866, 3, and NCT, 25 October 1866, 3; “Mark Twain,” Salt Lake City Union Vedette, 3 November 1866, 2.

  20. “Arrival,” Meadow Lake (Calif.) Morning Sun, 27 October 1866, 3; “Mark Twain’s Interior Notes,” SFB, 6 December 1866, 2; “Off for Washoe,” SFDC, 10 October 1866, 3.

  21. “Mark Twain’s Interior Notes,” SFB, 6 December 1866, 1.

  22. Doten, Journals of Alfred Doten, 901, 903; “Mark Twain,” GHN, 30 October 1866, 3; Smith, Mark Twain of the Enterprise, 214; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 54; Berkove, Insider Stories, 882–83; Mack, Mark Twain in Nevada, 333; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” VCDU, 1 November 1866, 3; Alf Doten, “Mark Twain’s Lecture—An Immense Success,” VCTE, 1 November 1866, 3; “Mark Twain’s Lecture at Virginia,” SU, 3 November 1866, 2; MTL, 1:365.

  23. Carson (Nev.) Appeal, 31 October 1866, 3; “Card from Mark Twain,” SU, 6 November 1866, 2; “Mark Twain,” Carson (Nev.) Appeal, 3 November 1866, 3; “Nevada Items,” SFB, 7 November 1866, 1.

  24. “Mark Twain,” VCTE, 6 November 1866, 3; “Mark Twain’s Interior Notes,” SFB, 6 December 1866, 1; Fitch, Western Carpetbagger, 55–56; Fitch, “Fitch Recalls Mark Twain,” 6F; Wells, “The Silver Sixties,” 13; De Quille, “Reporting with Mark Twain,” 178; “The Mayor and Marshal of Virginia City Stopped by Highwaymen,” GHN, 1 December 1863, 3; “Heavy Joke,” GHN, 12 November 1866, 3.

  25. SLC tried to obscure this point in retelling the anecdote five years later in Roughing It by claiming that one of the putative robbers was called “Phil Sheridan” after the Union general who led the Army of the Potomac (RI, 567).

  26. “Card to the Highwaymen,” VCTE, 11 November 1866, 3; “‘Mark Twain’ Robbed,” SFB, 14 November 1866, 1.

  27. Alf Doten, “Rather Heavy Joke on Mark Twain,” VCTE, 13 November 1866, 3; “Mark Twain’s ‘Robbery,’” SFB, 15 November 1866, 1; Honolulu Pacific Commercial Advertiser, 12 January 1867, 1; Doten, Journals of Alfred Doten, 903–4; NCT, 16 December 1866, 2; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 42; “A Practical Joke,” Meadow Lake (Calif.) Morning Sun, 17 November 1866, 2; NCT, 13 December 1866, 2.

  28. “Mark Twain’s Interior Notes,” SFB, 6 December 1866, 1; “So-Long,” SFAC, 14 December 1866, 2; RI, 569; “A Lecturer among Highwaymen,” Albany Argus, 17 December 1866, 2; “‘A Lecture’ among Highwaymen,” Brooklyn Eagle, 21 December 1866, 4; “‘A Lecturer’ among Highwaymen,” Philadelphia Telegraph, 19 December 1866, 9; “‘A Lecture’ among Highwaymen,” Boston Transcript, 15 December 1866, 4; “Personal,” Boston Herald, 17 December 1866, 4; “Personal,” Cincinnati Gazette, 20 December 1866, 1; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 57.

  29. “Footpads on the Divide,” VCTE, 14 November 1866, 3.

  30. Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 57–58, 60, 66; MTL, 4:306; “Second Lecture by Mark Twain,” SFAC, 15 November 1866, 1; Silver City (Idaho) Owyhee Avalanche, 1 December 1866, 1; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” SFB, 17 November 1866, 5; “‘Mark Twain’s’ Lecture,” SFMC, 17 November 1866, 1; “Dramatic, Musical, Etc.,” SFDC, 17 November 1866, 3.

  31. “Our San Francisco Correspondence,” GHN, 12 February 1866, 2; “Not Gone,” Sacramento Bee, 21 November 1866, 2; “A Missionary’s Troubles,” SFMC, 18 November 1866, 3; Washoe (Nev.) Evening Slope, 21 November 1866; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 60–61.

  32. “Mark Twain’s Interior Notes,” SFB, 7 December 1866, 5; ET&S, 2:525; AMT, 3:302; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 47; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 61–62; Kaplan, The Singular Mark Twain, 167.

  33. Klose, “Louis Prevost and the Silk Industry at San Jose,” 309–17; “Domestic Silks,” SFMC, 4 September 1864, 3, rpt. Clemens of the “Call,” 106–7; “Mark Twain’s Interior Notes,” SFB, 7 December 1866, 5.

  34. Frear, Mark Twain and Hawaii, 447; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 63; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” Oakland News, 28 November 1866, 3.

  35. “Correspondence,” SFAC, 8 December 1866, 2; “Mark Twain Explains the Mexican Correspondence,” SFAC, 10 December 1866, 1.

  36. “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” SFMC, 11 December 1866, 1; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” SFB, 11 December 1866, 5; “Our Dispatch from San Francisco,” VCDU, 12 December 1866, 2; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 48; “Amusements, Etc.,” SFDC, 11 December 1866, 3; “Mark Twain’s Last Lecture,” Carson (Nev.) Appeal, 15 December 1866, 3; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 66; Mark Twain Speaking, 17; “‘Mark Twain’s’ Lecture,” SFAC, 11 December 1866, 1.

  37. John McComb, “‘Mark Twain’s’ Farewell,” SFAC, 15 December 1866, 2; MTL, 1:373; N&J, 1:246–47.

  38. RI, 569; AMT, 1:161, 3:646; MTL, 2:15; N&J, 1:271.

  Chapter 13

  1. N&J, 1:245; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 18 January 1867, 1, and SFAC, 22 February 1867, 1.

  2. N&J, 1:253; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 22 February 1867, 1; The American Claimant, 165.

  3. N&J, 1:296; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 15 March 1867, 1.

  4. N&J, 1:239, 1:261, 1:267; Webb, John Paul’s Book, 379; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 15 March 1867, 1.

  5. N&J, 1:269–79; MTL, 2:1.

  6. N&J, 1:280, 1:286–88; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 23 March 1867, 1.

  7. N&J, 1:294–95; Kaplan, The Singular Mark Twain, 172; RI, 569; “Mortality on Board the Steamer San Francisco,” New York Herald, 13 January 1867, 7.

  8. Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 464.

  9. MTL, 2:4, 8, 10; George Ripley, “New Publications,” New York Tribune, 26 January 1867, 6.

  10. “Gossip from New York,” SFB, 19 February 1867, 1; MTL, 2:2–3, 6; “‘Mark Twain’ in New York,” SFAC, 28 March 1867, 1; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 21 July 1867, 1; TIA, 33.

  11. “The Overgrown Metropolis,” SFAC, 28 March 1867, 1; “Mark Twain on His Travels,” SFAC, 3 March 1868, 1.

  12. “‘Mark Twain’ in New York,” SFAC, 28 March 1867, 1, SFAC, 30 March 1867, 1, and SFAC, 9 April 1867, 1; Mark Twain’s Travels with Mr. Brown, 293.

  13. “‘Mark Twain’ in New York,” SFAC, 30 March 1867, 1; James Parton, “Henry Ward Beecher’s Church,” Atlantic Monthly 19 (January 1867): 42–43.

  14. “‘Mark Twain’ in New York,” SFAC, 30 March 1867, 1, and SFAC, 5 April 1867, 1.

  15. Cincinnati Gazette, 22 February 1867, 3; MTL, 2:11; “‘Mark Twain’ in New York,” SFAC, 28 March 1867, 1, and SFAC, 9 April 1867, 1; “Letters from Frank Fuller,” Twainian 15 (July–August 1956): 2; SLC to Mollie Clemens, 21 February 1868, UCCL 00199.

  16. “The Mediterranean Excursion,” New York Sun, 5 June 1867, 2; Ganzel, Mark Twain Abroad
, 6, 12; Kaplan, The Singular Mark Twain, 179; IA, 20–22.

  17. “‘Mark Twain’ in New York,” SFAC, 9 March 1867, 1, and SFAC, 9 April 1867, 1; MTL, 2:16–17, 49–50; “Mark Twain on His Muscle,” New York World, 18 February 1877, 5; “About Mark Twain,” New York World, 12 January 1877, 5; “The Quaker City Pilgrimage,” New York Herald, 21 November 1867, 6.

  18. Brooks, “Mark Twain in California,” 98; “Mark Twain’ in New York,” SFAC, 9 April 1867, 1; John J. Murphy to SLC, 15 April 1867, UCLC 31656.

  19. MTL, 2:3, 57.

  20. MTL, 2:14, 2:30, 2:47; Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” 16; AMT, 1:54, 2:46–47; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 15 March 1867, 1, and SFAC, 14 July 1867, 1; The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches, v; Mark Twain–Howells Letters, 132; N&J, 1:80; William W. Ellsworth, A Golden Age of Authors, 222; Mark Twain’s Travels with Mr. Brown, 289.

  21. “‘Mark Twain’ in St. Louis,” SFAC, 25 March 1867, 1, and SFAC, 13 May 1867, 1; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 26 May 1867, 1; “An Exhibition of Rare Merit at the Museum,” St. Louis Missouri Republican, 17 March 1867, 3.

  22. “Female Suffrage,” St. Louis Missouri Democrat, 12 March 1867, 4; Collected Tales, 1:222.

  23. St. Louis Missouri Republican, 24 March 1867, 2; “Mark Twain’s Lecture on the Sandwich Islands,” St. Louis Missouri Republican, 26 March 1867, 3; “Mark Twain,” St. Louis Missouri Democrat, 28 March 1867, 4; MTCI, 188, 193–94; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 19 May 1867, 1; MTL, 3:379.

  24. Collected Tales, 2:204; AMT, 3:171; MTCI, 579.

  25. “Mark Twain’s Lectures to Benefit Public Libraries at Hannibal, Quincy, and Keokuk,” Twainian 38 (May–June 1979): 1; Lorch, “Lecture Trips,” 510; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 75; MTL, 2:20; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 58–59; Frear, Mark Twain and Hawaii, 453; Webster, Mark Twain: Business Man, 184; “Various Items,” Brooklyn Eagle, 25 April 1867, 4; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 26 May 1867, 1.

  26. Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” 43.

  27. New York Tribune, 22 April 1867, 8; ET&S, 1:544–45; Webster, Mark Twain: Business Man, 184; Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” 346; The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County and Other Sketches, 3; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 2 June 1867, 1; MTL, 2:39, 2:48–49, 2:50, 2:57, 2:369–70, 4:274, 4:281; Kaplan, The Singular Mark Twain, 259; AMT, 2:487; Gribben, Mark Twain’s Library, 752.

  28. Philadelphia Evening Telegraph, 18 May 1867, 7; Philadelphia Public Ledger, 25 May 1867, 1; SU, 6 June 1867, 1; Albany Argus, 3 August 1867, 5; Ohio Farmer, 24 August 1867, 271.

  29. Budd, Mark Twain: The Contemporary Reviews, 33–89.

  30. Budd, Mark Twain: The Contemporary Reviews, 33–89; Howells, Life and Letters, 1:191.

  31. MTL, 2:5, 2:23, 2:41, 2:291; AMT, 2:38; Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 61–62; Frank Fuller, “Utah’s War Governor Talks of Many Famous Men,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, 1 October 1911, 10.

  32. MTL, 2:41; “Personal,” New York World, 23 April 1867, 4; “Mark Twain,” New York Times, 21 April 1867, 5; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” New York Tribune, 6 May 1867, 7; Powers, Mark Twain: A Life, 191.

  33. “A Humorous Description of the Sandwich Islanders,” New York Commercial Advertiser, 11 April 1867, 1; MTL, 1:38; AMT, 2:39; Hirst, “Introduction,” in Who Is Mark Twain?, 5; Frank Fuller, “Utah’s War Governor Talks of Many Famous Men,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, 1 October 1911, 10.

  34. Frank Fuller, “Utah’s War Governor Talks of Many Famous Men,” New York Times Sunday Magazine, 1 October 1911, 10; AMT, 2:40; “Letter from New York,” SU, 4 June 1867, 1; “Letter from Mark Twain,” SFAC, 16 June 1867, 1.

  35. “Amusements,” New York Sun, 7 May 1867, 4; New York Weekly, 30 May 1867, 4; “Mr. Twain’s Lecture,” New York World, 13 May 1867, 4; “Amusements Gossip,” New York Leader, 11 May 1867, 4; “Amusements in the City,” Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 18 May 1867, 130; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” New York Times, 7 May 1867, 5; “Letter from New York,” SU, 4 June 1867, 1; “Twain,” Philadelphia Telegraph, 11 May 1867, 1; “Our New York Letter,” Portland Oregonian, 14 June 1867, 1; “Mark Twain at the Cooper Institute,” New York Herald, 7 May 1867, 4; “City Summary,” New York Clipper, 18 May 1867, 46.

  36. “Letter from New York,” SU, 4 June 1867, 1; Edward House, “Mark Twain as a Lecturer,” New York Tribune, 11 May 1867, 2; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 16 June 1867, 1.

  37. Lorch, The Trouble Begins at Eight, 45, 66; “Mark Twain on the Sandwich Islands,” Brooklyn Eagle, 11 May 1867, 3; Fatout, Mark Twain on the Lecture Circuit, 81; “Amusements, Etc.,” SFAC, 17 November 1866, 1. “Items,” New York Evening Post, 13 May 1867, 3; “Mark Twain’s Lecture,” New York Herald, 16 May 1867, 5.

  38. MTL, 2:48–49; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 30 June 1867, 1; SFAC, 7 July 1867, 1; SFAC, 11 August 1867, 1.

  39. Dyer, Records of an Active Life, 315; MTL, 1:354, 2:333.

  40. “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 16 June 1867, 1, SFAC, 23 June 1867, 1, SFAC, 30 June 1867, 1, SFAC, 21 July 1867, 1, SFAC, 18 August 1867, 1. SLC apparently visited the Newsboys’ Lodging House, which he rechristened the “Boot-Black Brigade Chapel” (a nonexistent institution) in his Alta correspondence. He may have discovered the Lodging House, which was located on the upper floors of the same building on Fulton Street as the editorial offices of the New York Sun, when calling on Moses Beach, the owner and editor of the Sun, another passenger on the Quaker City voyage.

  41. “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 28 July 1867, 1, and SFAC, 18 August 1867, 1; IA, 304; “Bierstadt’s New Picture,” New York Tribune, 6 May 1867, 7. Franklin Walker and G. Ezra Dane speculate in Mark Twain’s Travels with Mr. Brown (293) that the painting SLC saw was probably Albert Bierstadt’s The Valley of the Yosemite. The mistake is repeated in Webster, Mark Twain: Business Man, 295, and Caron, Mark Twain: Unsanctified Newspaper Reporter, 370. See also N&J, 3:279.

  42. “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 4 August 1867, 1; MTL, 2:57–58.

  43. “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 4 August 1867, 1; N&J, 1:472; Gibson, “Introduction,” in Mark Twain’s Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, 16; San Francisco American Flag, 10 May 1867, 1; Severance, Journal Letters, 110; Mary Mason Fairbanks, “Pilgrimizing,” Cleveland Herald, 11 June 1867, 1; MTL, 2:49; Ganzel, Mark Twain Abroad, 15; New York Evening Post, 8 June 1867, 1; New York Herald, 8 June 1867, 6; “The Pleasure Excursion,” New York Times, 9 June 1867, 8.

  44. “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,” SFAC, 28 July 1867, 1; IA, 28; MTL, 2:50; “The Excursion to the Holy Land,” Dallas Herald, 13 July 1867, 1.

  45. “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 28 July 1867, 1; MTL, 2:55, 60, 119, 124; Brooks, “Mark Twain in California,” 98. No fewer than eighteen of the excursionists besides SLC—one-fourth of them—published one or more travel letters during the voyage, mostly in their hometown newspapers: Moses Beach, Henry Bullard, Timothy Crocker, William R. Denny, George Duncan, Mary Mason Fairbanks, J. H. Foster, Stephen and Louisa Griswold, Eleazor Hutchinson, John G. Isham, A. Reeves Jackson, William E. James, Julius Moulton, Julia Newell, G. W. Quereau, Solomon Sanford, and Emily Severance. In addition, three other excursionists kept journals that have been archived (C. C. Duncan, Charley Langdon, and Benjamin Nesbit).

  46. “Brooklyn,” New York Sun, 7 June 1867, 4; “Mediterranean Bound,” New York Sun, 10 June 1867, 2; Mary Mason Fairbanks, “Pilgrimizing,” Cleveland Herald, 8 October 1867, 2; MTL, 2:50, 2:54, 2:130; Lorch, “Julia Newell and Mark Twain,” 17.

  47. MTL, 2:57, 2:58, 2:60–61.

  48. IA, 29, 32; “The News,” New York Herald, 9 June 1867, 6; Fairbanks, “The Cruise of the Quaker City,” 429; Ganzel, Mark Twain Abroad, 28–29.

  49. Leary, “More Letters from the Quaker City,” 197–98; “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 18 August 1867, 1; “Mediterranean
Bound,” New York Sun, 10 June 1867, 2; N&J, 1:332, 1:334; Mary Mason Fairbanks, “Pilgrimizing,” Cleveland Herald, 13 June 1867, 2; TIA, 24, 160; Cutter, The Long Island Farmer’s Poems, 6; Gribben, “‘I Kind of Love Small Game.’”

  Chapter 14

  1. Wegelin, “The Rise of the International Novel,” 307.

  2. Fairbanks, “The Cruise of the ‘Quaker City,’” 430; Booth, “Mark Twain’s Friendship with Emeline Beach,” 220; Quaker City log of C. C. Duncan, 16 June 1867, MTP.

  3. Severance, Journal Letters, 14; Cutter, The Long Island Farmer’s Poems, 10; Mary Mason Fairbanks, “Pilgrimizing,” Cleveland Herald, 18 July 1867, 2, and Cleveland Herald, 14 December 1867, 2; “Mediterranean Bound,” New York Sun, 18 July 1867, 2, and New York Sun, 19 July 1867, 2; Leary, “More Letters from the Quaker City,” 199; Ganzel, Mark Twain Abroad, 53; Shain, “The Journal of the Quaker City Captain,” 390; TIA, 311; “Metzerott Hall,” Washington National Republican, 9 January 1868, 3.

  4. TIA, 314; Griswold, A Woman’s Pilgrimage to the Holy Land, 328; “Mediterranean Bound,” New York Sun, 18 July 1867, 2; Leary, “More Letters from the Quaker City,” 199; Charles Langdon to Olivia Lewis Langdon, 21–22 August 1867, UCLC 49710; MTCI, 25; Quaker City journal of William E. James, 24 June 1867; [Abraham Reeves Jackson,] “The Quaker City Pilgrimage,” New York Herald, 21 November 1867, 3; Quaker City log of C. C. Duncan, 24 June 1867, MTP; Cutter, The Long Island Farmer’s Poems, 19; Alan Gribben, “‘I Kind of Love Small Game,’” 66. “Mark Twain in Washington,” SFAC, 15 January 1868, 1; Severance, Journal Letters, 15; “The Modern Plymouth Pilgrims,” New York Herald, 23 August 1867, 4; Abraham Reeves Jackson, “The Quaker City Pilgrimage,” New York Herald, 21 November 1867, 3.

  5. “Letter from ‘Mark Twain,’” SFAC, 8 January 1868, 1; “Personal,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, 29 November 1867, 1; TIA, 23, 311; MTL, 2:231; Quaker City journal of William R. Denny, 11 September 1867, MTP.

  6. Howells, My Mark Twain, 67; Mark Twain–Howells Letters, 765; Hamlin Garland, quoted in Frear, Mark Twain and Hawaii, 53; Lawton, A Lifetime with Mark Twain, 100; Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography, 213–14; Langdon, Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 5; “Married,” SFAC, 23 August 1864, 6; “Our Nominees,” Reese River Reveille, 7 October 1864, 2; Hirst, “The Making of The Innocents Abroad,” 61.