New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway

by Jackson J Benson

  Rovit and Brenner, pp. 55–56.

  Smith, pp. 321–26.

  Williams, pp. 11–12, 124.

  (10) Cat in the Rain

  (1923–24/October 5, 1925/In Our Time/CS, NA, FV)

  Bennett, Warren. “The Poor Kitty and the Padrone and the Tortoise-shell Cat in ‘Cat in the Rain.’” Hemingway Review 8, no. 1 (Fall 1988): 26–36.

  Bruccoli, p. 35.

  Capellan, p. 72.

  Carter, Ronald. “Style and Interpretation in Hemingway’s ‘Cat in the Rain.’” Language and Literature: An Introductory Reader in Stylistics. Ed. Ronald Carter. London: Allen, 1982: 65–80.

  Cowley, Malcolm. And I Worked at the Writer’s Trade: Chapters of Literary History, 1918–1979. New York: Viking, 1978: 208.

  Dahiya, p. 186.

  Donaldson, pp. 150–51, 242–44.

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 191.

  Friberg, Ingegerd. “The Reflection in the Mirror: An Interpretation of Hemingway’s Short Story ‘Cat in the Rain.’” Modern Sprak 76 (1982): 329–38.

  Giger, p. 14.

  Grimes, pp. 28, 36, 48.

  Holmesland, Oddvar. “Structuralism and Interpretation: Ernest Hemingway’s ‘Cat in the Rain.’” English Studies 67 (June 1986): 221–33.

  Kennedy, J. Gerald. “What Hemingway Omitted from ‘Cat in the Rain.’” Les Cahiers de la Nouvelle: Journal of the Short Story in English 1 (1983): 75–81.

  Kert, pp. 133–34.

  Lodge, David. “Analysis and Interpretation of the Realist Text: A Pluralistic Approach to Ernest Hemingway’s ‘Cat in the Rain.’” Poetics Today: Theory and Analysis of Literature and Communication 1 (1980): 5–19.

  Lynn, pp. 199, 251–53, 265.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 49, 119, 177.

  Miall, David S. “Affect and Narrative: A Model of Response to Stories.” Poetics 17.3 (1988): 259–72.

  Miller, Leslie. “‘Cat in the Rain.’” Linguistics in Literature 1 (1976): 29–34.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, p. 65.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 44, 77–79, 123, 163.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 113, 175–76, 211.

  Smith, pp. 43–49.

  Steinke, Jim. “Hemingway’s ‘Cat in the Rain.’” Spectrum 25, no. 1–2 (1983): 36–44.

  Stubbs, Michael. “Stir Until the Plot Thickens.” Literary Text and Language Study. Ed. Ronald Carter and Deirdre Burton. London: Arnold, 1982: 57–85.

  Toolan, Michael. “Analyzing Fictional Dialogue.” Language and Communication 5, no. 3 (1985): 193–206.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 58–59, 61, 63, 65–66.

  Watts, Cedric. “Hemingway’s ‘Cat in the Rain’: A Preter-Structuralist View.” Studi dell’ Istituto Linguistico 6 (1983): 310–23.

  White, Gertrude M. “We’re All ‘Cats in the Rain.’” Fitzgerald-Hemingway Annual (1978): 241–46.

  Williams, pp. 32, 33, 36.

  (11) Chapter I (Vignette: “Everybody was drunk”)

  (1923/Spring 1923/Little Review/iot, IOT, CS, FV)

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44.

  (12) Chapter II (Vignette: “Minarets stuck up in the rain”)

  (1923/Spring 1923/3rd vignette in Little Review and iot/IOT, CS, FV)

  Baker, pp. 13–14.

  Capellan, pp. 155—56. Cooper, p. 22.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44.

  Nakajima, Kenji. “To Discipline Eyes Against Misery: ‘Chapter II,’ In Our Time.” Kyushu American Literature 26 (October 1985): 11–19.

  (13) Chapter III (Vignette: “We Were in a Garden at Mons”)

  (1923/Spring i923/4th vignette in Little Review and iot/IOT, CS, FV)

  Griffin, p. 95.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44.

  (14) Chapter IV (Vignette: “It was a frightfully hot day”)

  (1923/Spring 1923/5111 vignette in Little Review and iot/IOT, CS, FV)

  Baker, p. 12.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44.

  Nelson (H. Expressionist Artist), p. 24.

  (15)

  Chapter V (Vignette: “They shot the six cabinet ministers”)

  (1923/Spring 1923/6th vignette in Little Review and iot/IOT, CS, FV)

  Baker, p. 13.

  Capellan, p. 156.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 105–6, 143–44.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 115–16.

  (16) Chapter VI (Vignette: “Nick sat against the wall”)

  (1923/Spring 1923/in our time as “Chapter VII”/IOT, CS, NA, FV)

  Capellan, pp. 69, 80.

  Cooper, pp. 22, 24, 25.

  Derounian, Kathryn Zabelle. “An Examination of the Drafts of Hemingway’s Chapter ‘Nick sat against the wall. . . .’” Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 77 (1983): 54–65. (Reprinted in Michael S. Reynolds, ed. Critical Essays on Ernest Hemingway’s “In Our Time.” Boston: Hall, 1983: 61–75.)

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 61, 106–7, 115, 156.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44.

  Nakajima, Kenji. “Shot, Alive, and Was Glad: On Hemingway’s ‘Chapter VI,’ In Our Time. Kyushu American Literature 21 (1980): 13–17.

  (17) Chapter VII (Vignette: “While the bombardment was knocking the trench to pieces”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time as “Chapter VIII”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 124–25.

  (18) Chapter VIII (Vignette: “At two o’clock in the morning two Hungarians”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time as “Chapter VIII”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Capellan, p. 49.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 26, 143–44.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), p. 123.

  Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985: 26–38.

  (19) Chapter IX (Vignette: “The first matador got the horn”)

  (1923/Spring 1923/2nd vignette in Little Review and iot/IOT, CS, FV)

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44, 228.

  Nakajima, Kenji. “The Bullfight, a Test of Manhood: On Hemingway’s ‘Chapter IX,’ In Our Time.” Kyushu American Literature 28 (October 1987): 19–27.

  Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven: Yale University Press 1985: 63, 64, 65, 67.

  (20) Chapter X (Vignette: “They whack-whacked the white horse”)

  (1923/Spring 1924//in our time as “Chapter XII”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Lynn, pp. 211–12.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44, 228.

  Reynolds {The Paris Years), pp. 138–39.

  Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985: 63, 64, 65, 67.

  (21) Chapter XI (Vignette: “The crowd shouted all the time”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time as “Chapter VIII”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44, 228.

  Nakajima, Kenji. “The Role of the Bullfight Spectators in ‘Chapter XI’ of Hemingway’s In Our Time.” Kyushu American Literature 29 (1988): 13–22.

  Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985: 63, 64, 65, 67.

  (22) Chapter XII (Vignette: “If it happened right down close in front of you”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time as “Chapter XIV”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44, 228.

  Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985: 63, 64, 65, 66, 68–69.

  (23) Chapter XIII (Vignette: “I heard the drums coming down the street”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time as “Chapter XV”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Capellan, p. 56.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44, 228.

  Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985: 6
3, 64, 65, 69, 70.

  (24) Chapter XIV (Vignette: “Maera lay still”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time as “Chapter XVI”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 54.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 143–44, 228.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 139–40.

  (25) Chapter XV (Vignette: “They hanged Sam Cardinella”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time as “Chapter VII”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Capellan, p. 49.

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 54.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 52–53, 145–44.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 141–42.

  (26) Che Ti Dice la Patria?

  (1927/May 18, 1927/New Republic as “Italy—1927”/MWW, CS, FV)

  Brenner, pp. 20, 22.

  Cooper, pp. 28, 29.

  Donaldson, p. 94.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 214—15.

  Kobler, p. 83.

  Meyers (A Biography), p. 84.

  Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), p. 30.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, p. 49.

  Smith, pp. 193–96.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 67.

  Williams, p. 96.

  (26a) Christmas in Paris (article published as a story)

  (1923/December 1923/Toronto Star Weekly/reprinted privately as part of Two Christmas Tales, 1959)

  Smith, pp. 277–88.

  (27) “A Clean, Well-Lighted Place”

  (1932/March 1933/Scribner’s Magazine/WTN, CS, FV)

  Bakker, pp. 126, 127–29.

  Beegel (Craft of Omission), pp. 91–92.

  Bender, Bert A. “Let There be (Electric) Light! The Image of Electricity in American Writing.” Arizona Quarterly 34 (Spring 1978): 55–70.

  Bennett, Warren. “The Manuscript and the Dialogue of ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.’” American Literature 50 (1979): 613–24.

  Berryman, John. “Hemingway’s ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.’” The Freedom of the Poet. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1976: 217–21.

  Bier, Jesse. “Don’t Nobody Move—This is a Stichomythia (Or: An Unfinal Word on Typography in Hemingway).” Hemingway Review 3 (1983): 61–63.

  Brenner, pp. 19, 53.

  Broer, Lawrence. “The Iceberg in ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.’” Lost Generation Journal 4 (1976): 14–15, 21.

  Burgess, pp. 61, 112.

  Capellan, pp. 6, 57, 87, 95, 109, 166, 175, 181.

  Donaldson, pp. 233–34, 284.

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 160.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 19–25.

  Giger, p. 14.

  Grimes, pp. 53, 71, 74–75.

  Hardy and Cull, p. 33.

  Hoffman, Steven K. “Nada and the Clean, Well-Lighted Place: The Unity of Hemingway’s Short Fiction.” Essays in Literature 6 (1979): 91–110. (Reprinted in Harold Bloom, ed. Ernest Hemingway. New York: Chelsea House, 1985:173–92.)

  Hurley, C. Harold. “The Attribution of the Waiters’ Second Speech in Hemingway’s ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.’” Studies in Short Fiction 13 (1976): 81–85.

  Hurley, C. Harold. “The Manuscript and the Dialogue of ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place’: A Response to Warren Bennett.” Hemingway Review 2 (1982): 17–20.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place’: Black on Black.” The Tip of the Iceberg: Hemingway and the Short Story. Greenwood, Fla.: Penkevill, 1987: 161–67.

  Kann, Hans-Joachim. “Perpetual Confusion in ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place’: The Manuscript Evidence.” Fitzgerald-Hemingway Annual (1977): 115–18.

  Kerner, David. “Counterfeit Hemingway: A Small Scandal in Quotation Marks.” Journal of Modern Literature 12, no. 1 (March 1985): 91–108.

  Kerner, David. “The Foundation of the True Text of ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.’” Fitzgerald-Hemingway Annual (1979): 279–300.

  Kerner, David. “The Manuscripts Establishing Hemingway’s Anti-Metronomic Dialogue.” American Literature 54 (1982): 385–96.

  Kerner, David. “The Thomson Alternative.” Hemingway Review 4, no. 1 (Fall 1984): 37–39.

  Kert, p. 251.

  Lynn, pp. 191, 265.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 186, 198, 258–59.

  Meyer, William E., Jr. “The Artist’s American: Hemingway’s ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.’” Arizona Quarterly 39 (1983): 156–63.

  Monteiro, George. “Ernest Hemingway, Psalmist.” Journal of Modern Literature 14, no. 1 (Summer 1987): 83–95.

  Monteiro, George. “Hemingway on Dialogue in ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.’” Fitzgerald-Hemingway Annual (1974): 243.

  Nitsaisook, Malee. “An Analysis of Certain Stylistic Features of Selected Literary Works and Their Relationship to Readability.” DAI 40 (1980): 4453A (Southern Illinois University at Carbondale).

  Rao, E. Nageswara, pp. 15, 82, 104.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 41, 103.

  Rovit and Brenner, pp. 93, 94, 97–98, 117, 124–25.

  Smith, Paul. “A Note on a New Manuscript of ‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.’” Hemingway Review 8, no. 2 (Spring 1989): 36–39.

  Sojka, pp. 5, 72, 75.

  Stoltzfus, p. 42.

  Svoboda, p. 82.

  Thomson, George H. “‘A Clean, Well-Lighted Place’: Interpreting the Original Text.” Hemingway Review 2 (1983): 32–43.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 69–71.

  Wilkinson, pp. 34–35.

  Williams, p. 102.

  (29) Cross Country Snow

  (1924/January 1925/Transatlantic Review/IOT, CS, NA, FV)

  Brenner, p. 20.

  Capellan, p. 85.

  Cooper, p. 25.

  Donaldson, p. 151.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 63, 115, 179, 180, 191–202, 209, 210, 212, 218, 224, 234, 237.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 41–43.

  Gaggin, p. 88.

  Grimes, pp. 48, 121.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “Nick/Mike Adams? The Hero’s Name in ‘Cross Country Snow.’” American Notes and Queries 20 (1982): 16–18. (Revised as “’Cross-Country Snow’: Freedom and Responsibility,” reprinted in The Tip of the Iceberg: Hemingway and the Short Story. Greenwood, Fla.: Penkevill, 1987: 63–71.)

  Kert, p. 132.

  Lynn, pp. 191, 265.

  Meyers (A Biography), p. 120.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 164.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 188–89.

  Reynolds (Young H), p. 201.

  Sanders, Barbara. “Linguistic Analysis of ‘Cross Country Snow.‘” Linguistics in Literature 1 (1976): 43–52.

  Smith, pp. 81–84.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 58, 62–63.

  Whitlow, pp. 91–92.

  Williams, pp. 33, 36.

  (32) A Day’s Wait

  (ca. 1933/October 27, 1933/Winner Take Nothing/CS, FV)

  Brenner, p. 53.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 13, 14, 16, 215–24, 234, 235, 236, 248, 249.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 44–46.

  Gajdusek, Linda. “Up and Down: Making Connections in ‘A Day’s Wait.’” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 291–302.

  Hays, Peter L. “Self-Reflexive Laughter in ‘A Day’s Wait.’” Hemingway Notes 6 (1980): 25.

  Hemingway, Patrick. “Islands in the Stream: A Son Remembers.” Ernest Hemingway: The Writer in Context. Ed. James Nagel. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984: 13–18.

  Smith, pp. 302–6.

  Williams, p. 104.

  (33) The Denunciation

  (1938/November 1938/Esquire/FUS, FV)

  Capellan, pp. 249, 250.

  Cooper, pp. 96, 97–98.

  Donaldson, p. 113.

  Gertzman, Jay A. “Hemingway’s Writer-Narrator in ‘The Denunciation.’” Research Studies 47 (1979): 244–52.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “Hemingway’s ‘The Denunciation’: The Aloof American.” Fitzgerald-Hemingway Annual (1979): 371–82. (Revised as “The Denunciation’: The Aloof Amer
ican,” and reprinted in The Tip of the Iceberg: Hemingway and the Short Story. Greenwood, Fla.: Penkevill, 1987: 217–29.)

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 88–89.

  (34) A Divine Gesture (Allegory)

  (1921/May 1922/Double Dealer/. . . )

  Baker, p. 10.

  Donaldson, p. 237.

  Kert, pp. 97, 117.

  Reynolds (Young H), pp. 241–42.

  (35) The Doctor and the Doctor’s Wife

  (1924/December 1924/Transatlantic Review/IOT, CS, NA, FV)

  Brenner, pp. 17–18, 99.

  Capellan, pp. 2, 78.

  Cappel, pp. 29, 53, 65–70, 100–101.

  Dahiya, pp. 28, 29, 30, 33, 45, 103.

  Donaldson, pp. 191, 296.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 34–51, 67, 69, 96, 118, 130, 210, 234, 262, 266, 267.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 18–19.

  Friedrich, p. 113.

  Fulkerson, Richard. “The Biographical Fallacy and ‘The Doctor and the Doctor’s Wife.’” Studies in Short Fiction 16 (1979): 61–65. (Reprinted in Michael S. Reynolds, ed. Critical Essays on Ernest Hemingway’s “In Our Time.” Boston: Hall, 1983. 150–54.)

  Gaggin, pp. 88, 96.

  Griffin, p. 222.

  Grimes, pp. 42, 57, 59, 119.

  Guetti, James. Word-Music: The Aesthetic of Narrative Fiction. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1980: 11.

  Kert, pp. 150–51.

  Kobler, p. 42.

  Phillips, p. 82.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 75.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 186–88, 249–50, 277–78, 296.

  Reynolds (Young H), p. 132.

  Smith, pp. 61–67.

  Sojka, p. 73.

  Unfried, pp. 14–15.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 58.

  Whitlow, pp. 96–99.

  Wilhelm, Albert E. “Dick Boulton’s Name in ‘The Doctor and the Doctor’s Wife.’” Names 34 (December 1986): 423–25.

  Williams, pp. 32, 33, 36.

  (36) The End of Something

  (1924/October 5, 1925/In Our Time/CS, NA, FV)

  Brenner, p. 20.

  Cappel, pp. 14, 128–34, 184, 190.

  Cooper, p. 25.

  Dahiya, pp. 19, 20, 21, 22, 37, 38, 39, 42.

  Donaldson, pp. 145, 169.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 13, 53, 54–67, 92, 97, 161, 211.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 28–30, 32–33.

  Florick, Janet L., and David M. Raabe. “Longfellow and Hemingway: The Start of Something.” Studies in Short Fiction 23 (Summer 1986): 324–26.

  Grimes, pp. 42–43, 55.

  Gunn, Jessie C. “Structural Matrix: A Stylistic Analysis of ‘The End of Something.’” Linguistics in Literature 1 (1976): 53–60.