New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway

by Jackson J Benson

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 49, 153, 244.

  Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), p. 63.

  Phillips, p. 109.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, p. 49.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 75, 76, 162.

  Reynolds (Young H), p. 148.

  Smith, pp. 50–55.

  Unfried, pp. 36–38.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 58, 63–64.

  Weiland, Dennis. “Idiom in Hemingway: A Footnote.” Journal of American Studies 18, no. 3 (December 1984): 449–51.

  Whitlow, pp. 86–88, 92.

  Wilkinson, p. 78.

  Williams, pp. 33, 36, 93.

  (37) L’Envoi (Vignette: “The king was working in the garden”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time as “Chapter XVIII”/IOT, CS, FV)

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 108.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 59–60, 69.

  (38) The Faithful Bull (Fable)

  (1950/March 1951/Holiday/FV)

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 111–12.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 61.

  (39) Fathers and Sons

  (1933/October 27, 1933/Winner Take Nothing/CS, NA, FV)

  Baker, Carlos. “The Champion and the Challenger: Hemingway and O’Hara.” John O’Hara Journal 3 (1980): 22–30.

  Bakker, pp. 8, 116.

  Brenner, p. 142.

  Brian, p. 87.

  Cappel, pp. 65, 67, 82–84, 86–88, 101, 102–6.

  Dahiya, p. 116.

  Donaldson, pp. 178, 179–80, 297–98.

  Fleming, Robert E. “Hemingway’s Treatment of Suicide: ‘Fathers and Sons’ and For Whom the Bell Tolls.” Arizona Quarterly 33 (1977): 121–32.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 34, 198, 216–20, 234–71, 277, 279.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 46–51.

  Gaggin, p. 88.

  Griffin, p. 10.

  Grimes, pp. 59, 69–71, 120.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. ‘“Fathers and Sons’: The Past Revisited.” The Tip of the Iceberg: Hemingway and the Short Story. Greenwood, Fla.: Penkevill, 1987: 183–92.

  Kert, pp. 43–44, 230–31, 251.

  Kobler, p. 42.

  McCann, Richard. “To Embrace or Kill: ‘Fathers and Sons.’” Iowa Journal of Literary Studies 3, no. 1–2 (1981): 11–18.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 10, 16, 133, 234, 249, 259, 314.

  Phillips, pp. 85, 186.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, pp. 27, 41.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 44, 45, 56, 91, 123.

  Smith, pp. 307–17.

  Sojka, pp. 94, 95, 100, 106, 115.

  Strong, Paul. “Gathering Pieces and Filling in the Gaps: Hemingway’s ‘Fathers and Sons.’” Studies in Short Fiction 26, no. 1 (1989): 49–58.

  Unfried, pp. 43–44.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 71.

  Whitlow, pp. 101–5.

  Williams, pp. 97, 104–5.

  (40) Fifty Grand

  (1924/July 1927/Atlantic/MWW, CS, FV)

  Beegel (Craft of Omission), pp. 6–12, 13–30, 91–92.

  Brenner, pp. 18, 22, 115.

  Bruccoli, pp. 39–40.

  Capellan, pp. 83, 118.

  Dahiya, p. 43.

  Donaldson, pp. 198–99, 270.

  Donaldson, Scott. “The Wooing of Ernest Hemingway.” American Literature 53 (1982): 691–710.

  Grimes, pp. 53, 71, 77–78.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 116, 165.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 331–32, 339–40.

  Rovit and Brenner, pp. 44–45, 98.

  Smith, pp. 125–31.

  Sojka, pp. 2, 147.

  Wagner, p. 67.

  Weeks, Robert P. “Wise-Guy Narrator and Trickster Out-Tricked in Hemingway’s ‘Fifty-Grand.’” Studies in American Fiction 10 (1982): 83–91.

  Williams, pp. 96–97.

  (41) The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio

  (1931–32/April 1933/Scribner’s Magazine, as “Give Us a Prescription, Doctor”/WTN [revised], CS, FV)

  Bakker, pp. 126–27.

  Brenner, p. 19.

  Capellan, pp. 95, 96, 193.

  Cooper, p. 62.

  Donaldson, pp. 189, 236, 277.

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 223.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 69–74.

  Kobler, p. 57.

  Monteiro, George. “Hemingway’s Nun’s Tale.” Research Studies 46 (1978): 50–53.

  Morton, Bruce. “Music and Distorted View in Hemingway’s ‘The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio.’” Studies in Short Fiction 20 (1983): 79–85.

  Murolo, Frederick L. “Another Look at the Nun and Her Prayers.” Hemingway Review 4, no. 1 (Fall 1984): 52–53.

  Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), p. 21.

  Pearson, Donna. ‘“The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio.’” Linguistics in Literature 1 (1976): 21–28.

  Rovit and Brenner, pp. 53, 90, 97.

  Smith, pp. 289–96.

  Sojka, pp. 75, 83.

  Whittle, Amberys R. “A Reading of Hemingway’s ‘The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio.’” Arizona Quarterly 33 (1977): 173–80.

  Williams, pp. 100–101.

  (42) Get a Seeing-Eye Dog

  (1956/November 1957/Atlantic/FV)

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 261.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 113–16.

  Lynn, p. 575.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 91.

  Rovit and Brenner, pp. 39–40.

  Smith, pp. 391–94.

  (43) God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen

  (1932/April 1933/God Rest You Merry, Gentlemen [pamphlet]/WTN, CS, FV)

  Brenner, p. 53.

  Burgess, p. 19.

  Capellan, p. 49.

  Donaldson, pp. 237–38.

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 215.

  Kert, p. 251.

  Lynn, pp. 53, 71–72, 180, 408.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, p. 20.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 19.

  Smith, pp. 246–51.

  Williams, pp. 100–101.

  (44) The Good Lion (Fable)

  (1950/March 1951/Holiday/([Hemingway Reader], FV)

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 109–12.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 425, 441, 452.

  (46) Hills Like White Elephants

  (1927/August 1927/Transition/MWW, CS, FV)

  Brenner, pp. 12, 53.

  Brown, Nancy Hemond. “Aspects of the Short Story: A Comparison of Jean Rhys’s ‘The Sound of the River’ with Ernest Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Jean Rhys Review 1 (Fall 1986): 2–13.

  Bruccoli, p. 62.

  Capellan, pp. 33, 56.

  Chatman, Seymour. “Towards a Theory of Narrative.” New Literary Theory 6 (1975): 295–318.

  Donaldson, pp. 151, 220.

  Elliott, Gary D. “Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Explicator 35 (1977): 22–23.

  Fleming, Robert E. “An Early Manuscript of Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” NMAL: Notes on Modern American Literature 7 (1983): item 3.

  Fletcher, Mary Dell. “Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.‘” Explicator 38 (1980): 16–18.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 210, 213.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 33–35, 38–39.

  Giger, pp. 13, 14, 37–50, 52.

  Gilligan, Thomas Maher. “Topography in Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” NMAL: Notes on Modern American Literature 8, no. 1 (Spring-Summer 1984): item 2.

  Gilmour, David R. “Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Explicator 41 (1983): 47–49.

  Grimes, pp. 53, 71–73. Hardy and Cull, p. 47.

  Hollander, John. “Hemingway’s Extraordinary Reality.” Ernest Hemingway. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House, 1985. 211–16.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “‘Hills Like White Elephants’: Lean, Vintage Hemingway.” Studies in American Fiction 10 (1982): 233–38. (Revised as “‘Hills Like White Elephants’: A Matter of Life and Death,” and reprinted in The Tip of the Iceberg: Hemingway and the Short
Story. Greenwood, Fla.: Penkevill, 1987: 125–34.

  Kert, pp. 205–6, 235.

  Kobler, J. F. “Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Explicator 38 (1980): 6–7.

  Lynn, pp. 363–64, 408.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 196–97, 295.

  Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), pp. 35, 44.

  Organ, Dennis. “Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Explicator 37 (1979): 11. Passey, Laurie. “Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Explicator 46, no. 4 (Summer 1988): 32–33.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, pp. 55, 58, 65.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 44, 75, 91, 102–4, 123.

  Sipiora, Phillip. “Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Explicator 42, no. 3 (Spring 1984): 50.

  Smiley, Pamela. “Gender-Linked Miscommunication in ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Hemingway Review 8, no. 1 (Fall 1988): 2–12.

  Smith, pp. 204–13.

  Trilling, Lionel. Commentary on “Hills Like White Elephants.” Prefaces to “The Experience of Literature.” Ed. Trilling. New York: Harcourt Brace and Jovanovich, 1979: 145–49.

  Urgo, Joseph R. “Hemingway’s ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Explicator 46, no. 3 (1988): 35–37.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 66–67.

  Weeks, Lewis E., Jr. “Hemingway Hills: Symbolism in ‘Hills Like White Elephants.’” Studies in Short Fiction 17 (1980): 75–77.

  Whitlow, pp. 93–96. Williams, p. 93.

  (47) Homage to Switzerland

  (1932/April 1933/Scribner’s Magazine/WTN, CS, FV)

  Brenner, p. 151.

  Donaldson, p. 151.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 210, 217, 259.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 64–66.

  Kert, p. 251.

  Nakjavani, Erik. “Repetition as Design and Intention: Hemingway’s ‘Homage to Switzerland.’” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 263–82.

  Reynolds, Michael S. “‘Homage to Switzerland’: Einstein’s Train Stops at Hemingway’s Station.” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1989: 255–62.

  Smith, pp. 252–56.

  Williams, pp. 77, 99–100.

  (51) In Another Country (1926/April 1927/Scribner’s Magazine/MWW, CS, NA, FV)

  Bakker, pp. 6–7.

  Brenner, pp. 18, 22, 34.

  Capellan, pp. 80, 81.

  Cass, Colin S. “The Look of Hemingway’s ‘In Another Country.’” Studies in Short Fiction 18 (1981): 309–13.

  Cooper, pp. 33, 45.

  Dahiya, p. 50.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 113, 114, 124, 135–44, 178, 204, 220, 275.

  Fowler, Doreen. “‘In Another Country’: Faulkner’s A Fable.” Studies in American Fiction 15 (1987): 43–54.

  Giger, pp. 14, 15–16, 74, 79–80.

  Hardy and Cull, p. 34.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “‘In Another Country’: The Strategy of Survival.” The Tip of the Iceberg: Hemingway and the Short Story. Greenwood, Fla.: Penkevill, 1987. 115–22.

  Kert, pp. 185, 198.

  Kobler, p. 55.

  Lynn, pp. 84–85, 353–55.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 36, 115, 116, 198.

  Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), p. 36.

  Phillips, pp. 67, 85.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 41, 72, 131.

  Reynolds (H’s First War), p. 23.

  Robinson, Forrest. “Hemingway’s Invisible Hero of ‘In Another Country.’” Essays in Literature 15, no. 2 (Fall 1988): 237–44.

  Rovit and Brenner, pp. 44, 45–48, 78, 79–81, 89, 98, 110–12, 123.

  Smith, pp. 164–71.

  Sojka, pp. 82, 86, 99, 154.

  Unfried, pp. 31–33.

  Villard and Nagel, pp. 266–67.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 66.

  Williams, p. 94.

  (52) Indian Camp

  (1924/April 1924/“Work in Progress,” Transatlantic Review/IOT, CS, NA, FV)

  Baker, p. 24.

  Bakker, pp. 4, 5.

  Brasch, James D. “Hemingway’s Doctor: José Luis Herrera Sotolongo Remembers Ernest Hemingway.” journal of Modern Literature 13, no. 2 (July 1986): 185–210.

  Brenner, pp. 11, 99.

  Bruccoli, p. 10.

  Capellan, pp. 72, 155, 221, 222.

  Cappel, pp. 57–64, 82.

  Cooper, p. 22.

  Dahiya, pp. 22, 27, 28, 33, 34, 47.

  Donaldson, pp. 135–36, 296–97.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 14, 21, 22–35, 36, 37, 40, 41, 43, 51, 57, 59, 96, 103, 112, 115, 118, 137, 145, 222, 238, 240.

  Flora (Short Fiction), p. 54.

  Friedrich, p. 113.

  Gladstein, p. 56.

  Griffin, p. 222.

  Grimes, pp. 42, 49, 55–58, 118–20, 137–38.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “In the Beginning: Hemingway’s ‘Indian Camp.’” Studies in Short Fiction 15 (1978): 102–4. (Revised as “‘Indian Camp’: In the Beginning,” and reprinted in The Tip of the Iceberg: Hemingway and the Short Story. Greenwood, Fla.: Penkevill, 1987: 49–60.)

  Kert, p. 145.

  Kobler, p. 75.

  Lynn, pp. 46, 227–29.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 15–16, 83, 214, 556.

  Meyers, Jeffrey. “Hemingway’s Primitivism and ‘Indian Camp.’” Twentieth Century Literature 34, no. 2 (Summer 1988): 117–20.

  Nichols, Olivia Murray. “An Example of Folklore in Hemingway’s ‘Indian Camp.’” Kentucky Folklore Record 27 (1981): 33–35.

  Penner, Dick. “The First Nick Adams Story.” Fitzgerald-Hemingway (1977): 195–202.

  Phillips, pp. 80–81, 82–83, 86, 138.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, pp. 32, 52.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 39, 45, 56, 57, 61, 84, 160, 161.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 165–67.

  Rovitand Brenner, p. 161.

  Smith, pp. 34–42.

  Sojka, p. 73.

  Unfried, pp. 13–14.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 58, 60–61, 63–64.

  Wainwright, J. Andrew. “The Far Shore: Gender Complexities in Hemingway’s ‘Indian Camp.’” Dalhousie Review 66 (1986): 181–87.

  Wilkinson, pp. 40–41, 42.

  Williams, pp. 31–32, 33, 36.

  Workman, pp. 11–18.

  (55) The Judgment at Manitou (Juvenilia)

  (ca. 1916/1916/Tabula/EHA)

  Brian, p. 258.

  Cappel, pp. 43–47, 54.

  Donaldson, p. 285.

  Griffin, pp. 26–27.

  Meyers (A Biography), p. 19. Reynolds (Young H), p. 73.

  (56) The Killers

  (1926/March 1927/Scribner’s Magazine/MWW, CS, NA, FV)

  Brenner, p. 18.

  Bruccoli, pp. 53, 57, 62.

  Capellan, pp. 79, 80.

  Dahiya, pp. 22, 35, 37, 41, 43, 47.

  Davis, William V. “The Fall of Dark’: The Loss of Time in Hemingway’s ‘The Killers.’” Studies in Short Fiction 15 (1978): 319–20.

  Donaldson, pp. 137, 199, 202–3, 270, 284.

  Fleming, Robert E. “Hemingway’s ‘The Killers’: The Map and the Territory.” Hemingway Review 4, no. 1 (Fall 1984): 40–43.

  Flora, Joseph M. “The Device of Conspicuous Silence in the Modern Short Story.” Proceedings of the Comparative Literature Symposium (Texas Tech Press, Lubbock) 13 (1982): 27–45.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 1, 14, 17, 88, 93–104, 107, 108, 113, 115, 161, 176, 210, 222, 257;

  Gaggin, p. 25.

  Grimes, pp. 60–61.

  Hays, Peter L., and Stephanie Tucker. “No Sanctuary: Hemingway’s ‘The Killers’ and Pinter’s The Birthday Party.” Papers on Language and Literature 21, no. 4 (Fall 1985): 417–24.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “The Killers’: The Background and the Manuscripts.” Studies in Short Fiction 19 (1982): 247–51. (Revised as ‘“The Killers’: The Shaping of a Classic,” and reprinted in The Tip of the Iceberg: Heming
way and The Short Story. Greenwood, Fla.: Penkevill, 1987: 105–11.)

  Kaminsky, Stuart. “Literary Adaptation: ‘The Killers’–Hemingway, Film Noir, and the Terror of Daylight.” A Moving Picture Feast. Ed. Charles M. Oliver. New York: Praeger, 1989: 125–341.

  Kert, pp. 179, 186, 202, 428.

  Kobler, p. 59.

  Lafontaine, Cecile Aurore. “Waiting in Hemingway’s ‘The Killers’ and Borges’ ‘La espera.’” Revue de Litterature Comparee 57 (1983): 67–80.

  Lynn, p. 112.

  Meyers (A Biography), p 133.

  Monteiro, George. “The Hit in the Summit: Ernest Hemingway’s ‘The Killers.’” Hemingway Review 8, no. 2 (Spring 1989): 40–45.

  Phillips, pp. 8, 14, 65, 66–70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 98, 105, 161.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, pp. 55–56.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 45, 102, 122, 124–31, 136, 145, 154, 155.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), p. 332.

  Rovit and Brenner, pp. 66, 79, 98.

  Schlepper, Wolfgang. “Hemingway’s ‘The Killers’: An Absurd Happening.” Literatur in Wissenschaft und Unterricht 10 (1977): 104–14.

  Smith, pp. 138–53.

  Sojka, p. 73.

  Stark de Valverde, Dorothy. “An Analysis of ‘The Killers’ and the Work of Ernest Hemingway.” Revista de la Universidad de Costa Rica 39 (1974): 129–37.

  Stuckey, W. J. “‘The Killers’ as Experience.” journal of Narrative Technique 5 (1975): 128–35.

  Unfried, p. 20.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 66–67.

  Williams, pp. 94–95.

  (60) The Light of the World

  (1932/October 27, 1933/Winner Take Nothing/CS, NA, FV)

  Barbour, James F. “‘The Light of the World’: The Real Ketchel and the Real Light.” Studies in Short Fiction 13 (1976): 17–23.

  Barbour, James. “‘The Light of the World’: Hemingway’s Comedy of Errors.” Notes on Contemporary Literature 7 (1977): 5–8.

  Brenner, pp. 18, 53.

  Bruccoli, Matthew J. “Stan Ketchel and Steve Ketchel: A Further Note on the ‘Light of the World.’” Fitzgerald-Hemingway Annual (1975): 325–26.

  Capellan, p. 215.

  Cappel, pp. 27, 53–54, 89, 91–95.

  Collins, William J. “Taking on the Champion: Alice as Liar in ‘The Light of the World.’” Studies in American Fiction 14, no. 2 (Autumn 1986): 225–32.

  Dahiya, pp. 22, 34, 41, 43.

  Donaldson, pp. 136, 175, 188, 237–38.

  Elliot, Gary D. “Hemingway’s ‘The Light of the World.’” Explicatory {1981): 48–50.

  Fleming, Robert E. “Myth or Reality: ‘The Light of the World’ as Initiation Story.” Hemingway’s Neglected Fiction Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 283–90.