New Critical Approaches to the Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway

by Jackson J Benson

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 11, 68–104, 115, 138, 161, 217, 252, 256.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 66–69.

  Gaggin, pp. 25, 94, 96.

  Grimes, p. 3.

  Kert, p. 251.

  Lynn, pp. 408–9.

  Maloy, Barbara. “The Light of Alice’s World.” Linguistics in Literature 1 (1976): 69–86.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 135, 186.

  Petry, Alice Hall. “Hemingway’s ‘The Light of the World.’” Explicator 40 (1982): 46.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 44, 73, 123.

  Reynolds, Michael S. “Holman Hunt and ‘The Light of the World’” Studies in Short Fiction 20 (1983): 317–19.

  Reynolds (H’s First War), p. 44n.

  Reynolds (Young H), p. 105.

  Smith, pp. 257–63.

  Sojka, p. 75.

  Unfried, pp. 17–18.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 64, 69–70.

  Williams, p. 100.

  (61) A Man of the World

  (1957/November 1957/Atlantic/FV)

  Ferguson, J. M. “Hemingway’s Man of the World.” Arizona Quarterly 3 (1977): 116–20.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 112–13.

  Lynn, p. 575.

  Smith, pp. 391–94.

  Williams, pp. 197–98.

  (62) A Matter of Colour (Juvenilia)

  (1916/1916/Tabula/EHA)

  Cappel, pp. 43, 47–50, 54.

  Donaldson, p. 270.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 19–20.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 6.

  (64) The Mother of a Queen

  (ca. 1931–32/October 27, 1933/Winner Take Nothing/CS, FV)

  Brenner, pp. 11–12, 20.

  Dahiya, p. 43.

  Donaldson, p. 183. Gaggin, pp. 96, 97.

  Smith, pp. 264–67.

  Stetler, Charles, and Gerald Locklin. “Beneath the Tip of the Iceberg in Hemingway’s ‘The Mother of a Queen.’” Hemingway Review 2 (1982): 68–69.

  William, pp. 103–4.

  (65) Mr. and Mrs. Elliot

  (1924/Autumn–Winter 1924–25/Little Review/IOT, CS, FV)

  Baker, p. 27.

  Brenner, p. 20.

  Capellan, p. 72.

  Donaldson, pp. 38, 66, 181.

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 191.

  Flora (Short Fiction), p. 16.

  Grimes, p. 48.

  Hoetker, James. “Hemingway’s ‘Mr. and Mrs. Elliot’ and Its Readers.” Kyushu American Literature 24 (1983): 11–14.

  Lynn, pp. 244—46.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 144, 153, 200, 346.

  Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), pp. 31, 64.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 44, 123, 163, 165.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 192–94, 292–93.

  Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985: 60–61.

  Smith, pp. 75–80.

  Smith, Paul. “From the Waste Land to the Garden with the Elliots.” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Stories. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 123–30.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 58.

  Williams, pp. 33, 38.

  (67) My Old Man

  (1922/Summer 1923/Three Stories and Ten Poems/IOT, CS, FV)

  Baker, p. 12.

  Brenner, pp. 8–9, 11, 17, 222.

  Brian, pp. 43–44.

  Bruccoli, pp. 9–10, 27, 29.

  Capellan, pp. 2, 82, 222.

  Cooper, p. 22.

  Donaldson, pp. 195–96, 198, 270.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 52, 68, 69, 146.

  Grimes, pp. 1, 28–33, 136, 46, 49, 69–70.

  Kert, pp. 128, 133, 138, 169.

  Lanford, Ray. “Hemingway’s ‘My Old Man.’” Linguistics in Literature 1 (1976): 11–19.

  Lynn, pp. 199, 208, 222.

  Meyers (A Biography), p. 144.

  Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), p. 31.

  Phillips, pp. 97–105, 161.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 97, 123, 164, 165.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 4, 58–61, 78, 103, 128, 151, 208.

  Sipiora, Phillip. “Ethical Narration in ‘My Old Man.–” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 43–60.

  Slattery, William C. “The Mountain, the Plain, and San Siro.” Papers on Language and Literature: A Journal for Scholars and Critics of Language and Literature 16 (1980): 439–42.

  Smith, pp. 10–15.

  Svoboda, pp. 34–35.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 65, 83.

  Williams, pp. 33, 37, 38–39.

  (68) A Natural History of the Dead

  (1929–31/September 23, 1932/as part of Chapter XII of Death in the Afternoon/WTN [revised], CS, FV)

  Beegel (Craft of Omission), pp. 6–12, 31–49, 91–92.

  Brenner, pp. 74–75, 151.

  Donaldson, pp. 232–33, 283.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 126–27, 128.

  Griffin, p. 66.

  Grimes, p. 35.

  Kobler, p. 70.

  Lewis, Robert W. “The Making of Death in the Afternoon.” Ernest Hemingway: The Writer in Context. Ed. James Nagel. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1984: 31–52.

  Meyers (A Biography), p. 229. Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), p. 26.

  Raeburn, p. 34.

  Reynolds, (The Paris Years), p. 131.

  Reynolds (Young H), p. 30.

  Smith, pp. 231–39.

  Sojka, p. 154.

  Stetler, Charles, and Gerald Locklin. “‘A Natural History’ as Metafiction.” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 247–55.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 70.

  Wilkinson, pp. 34, 82.

  Williams, pp. 102–3.

  (69) Night Before Battle

  (1938/February 1939/Esquire/FUS, FV)

  Cooper, pp. 86, 95.

  Donaldson, p. 113.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 93–95.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “Hemingway’s ‘Night Before Battle’; Don Quixote, 1937.” Hemingway Notes 6 (1980): 26–28.

  Smith, pp. 278–81.

  (71) Nobody Ever Dies (“Flower of the Party”)

  (1938/March 1939/Cosmopolitan/FV)

  Capellan, p. 250.

  Cooper, pp. 91–92, 98.

  Cooper, Stephen. “Politics Over Art: Hemingway’s ‘Nobody Ever Dies.’” Studies in Short Fiction 15, no. 2 (Autumn 1985): 163–77.

  Edgerton, Larry. “ ‘Nobody Ever Dies!’: Hemingway’s Fifth Story of the Spanish Civil War.” Arizona Quarterly 39 (1983): 35–47.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 99–100.

  Fuentes, pp. 131–32.

  Johnston, Kenneth G. “‘Nobody Ever Dies’: Hemingway’s Neglected Story of Freedom Fighters.” Kansas Quarterly 9 (1977): 53–58.

  Smith, pp. 382–84.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 93–95.

  (71a) A North of Italy Christmas (article published as a story)

  (1923/December 1923/Toronto Star Weekly/reprinted privately as part of Two Christmas Tales, 1959)

  (72) Now I Lay Me

  (1926/October 14, 1927/Men Without Women/CS, NA, FV)

  Bakker, p. 6.

  Beegel (Craft of Omission), p. 45.

  Brenner, pp. 17, 22, 33–34, 53, 99.

  Bruccoli, pp. 62–65.

  Capellan, pp, 80, 166, 229.

  Cappel, pp. 28–29, 109.

  Cooper, pp. 3, 24, 33, 37.

  Dahiya, pp. 21, 94.

  Donaldson, pp. 126, 169, 171.

  Eby, Cecil D. “The Soul in Ernest Hemingway.” Studies in American Fiction 12 (Autumn 1984): 223–26.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 33, 113, 114–36, 139–43, 156, 157, 163, 166, 168, 176, 178, 179, 220, 222, 256, 262.

  Griffin, p. 12.

  Grimes, pp. 21, 35, 63–64, 120–21, 122, 126.

  Kert, p. 205.

  Lynn, pp. 46
–48, 105, 368.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 21, 36.

  Rao, E. Nageswara, pp. 38, 57.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 41, 72, 76, 131.

  Reynolds (H’s First War), p. 31.

  Rovit and Brenner, pp. 63, 161–62.

  Smith, pp. 172–79.

  Sojka, pp. 34, 78, 80, 86.

  Unfried, pp. 26–29.

  Villard and Nagel, p. 266.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 68–69, 71.

  Whitlow, pp. 99–101.

  Williams, pp. 93, 97.

  (73) Old Man at the Bridge

  (1938/May 19, 1938/Ken, as “The . . .”/CS, FV)

  Brenner, pp. 19, 53, 151.

  Capellan, pp. 6, 58, 95, 248, 249, 266.

  Cooper, pp. 87, 96, 98.

  Donaldson, p. 102.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 251, 253.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 90–92.

  Fuentes, p. 157.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 98, 322.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 123.

  Rovit and Brenner, p. 67.

  Smith, pp. 362–65.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 93.

  Walker, Anna. “The Old Man and Jesus: Uses of Biblical Matrix.” Linguistics in Literature 4 (1979): 77–82.

  Watson, William Braasch. “‘Old Man at the Bridge’: The Making of a Short Story.” Hemingway Review 7, no. 2 (1988): 152–65.

  Wilkinson, pp. 42–43.

  (74) On the Quai at Smyrna (Vignette)

  (1926–27/October 24, 1930/In Our Time/CS)

  Cooper, p. 22.

  Flora (Short Stories), p. 148.

  Grimes, p. 36.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 98, 100–2.

  Nelson (H, Expressionist Artist), pp. 22, 24, 63, 71.

  Phillips, p. 98.

  Smith, pp. 189–92.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), pp. 57, 59.

  Williams, p. 30, 33, 35–36, 38.

  Witherington, Paul. “Word and Flesh in Hemingway’s ‘On the Quai at Smyrna.’” NMAL: Notes on Modern American Literature 2 (1978): item 18.

  (76) One Reader Writes

  (1932–33/October 27, 1933/Winner Take Nothing/CS. FV)

  Brenner, p. 151.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 61–62, 63.

  Smith, pp. 297–301.

  Smith, Paul. “The Doctor and the Doctor’s Friend: Logan Clendening and Ernest Hemingway.” Hemingway Review 8, no. 1 (Fall 1988): 37–39.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 70.

  Williams, p. 100.

  (77) One Trip Across

  (ca. 1933/April 1934/Cosmopolitan [became Part I of To Have and Have Not]/FV)

  Cooper, p. 66.

  Fuentes, p. 121.

  Kert, p. 276.

  Lynn, p. 454.

  Phillips, pp. 49, 50.

  (78) Out of Season

  (1923/Summer 1923/Three Stories and Ten Poems/IOT, CS, FV)

  Baker, p. 15.

  Beegel (Craft of Omission), p. 12.

  Bruccoli, p. 10.

  Capellan, p. 72.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 191, 213.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 30–33.

  Ganzel, Dewey. “A Geometry of His Own: Hemingway’s ‘Out of Season.’” Modern Fiction Studies 34, no. 2 (Summer 1988): 171–83.

  Giger, pp. 14, 91, 93.

  Grimes, pp. 48, 72.

  Jackson, Paul R. “Hemingway’s ‘Out of Season.’” Hemingway Review 1 (1981): 11–17.

  Kert, pp. 136, 138.

  Lynn, p. 454.

  McComes, Dix. “The Geography of Ernest Hemingway’s ‘Out of Season.’” Hemingway Review 3, no. 2 (Spring 1984): 46–49.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 139, 154, 346.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 30, 123, 163.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), p. 122.

  Smith, pp. 16–21.

  Smith, Paul. “Some Misconceptions of ‘Out of Season.’” Critical Essays on Ernest Hemingway’s “In Our Time.” Ed. Michael S. Reynolds. Boston: Hall, 1983:235–51.

  Steinke, James. “‘Out of Season’ and Hemingway’s Neglected Discovery: Ordinary Actuality.” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 61–74.

  Sylvester, Bickford. “Hemingway’s Italian Waste Land: The Complex Unity of ‘Out of Season.’” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 75–98.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 58.

  Williams, pp. 32, 33, 36, 106.

  (79) Paris, 1922 (sentence-length sketches)

  (1922/1969/Ernest Hemingway: A Life Story/ . . . )

  Baker, p. 13n.

  Kanjo, Eugene. “Hemingway’s Cinematic Style.” A Moving Picture Feast. Ed. Charles M. Oliver. New York: Praeger, 1989: 3–11.

  Reynolds (The Paris Years), pp. 95–97, 114.

  (81) A Pursuit Race

  (1926–27/October 4, 1927/Men Without Women/CS, FV)

  Brenner, p. 22.

  Bungert, Hans. “Functions of Character Names in American Fiction.” The Origins and Originality of American Culture: Papers Presented at the International Conference in American Studies: Budapest, 9–11 April 1980. Ed. Tibor Frank. Budapest: Akademiai Kiado, 1984: 165–75.

  Fontana, Ernest. “Hemingway’s ‘A Pursuit Race.’” Explicator 42, no. 4 (Summer 1984): 43–45.

  Grimes, pp. 71, 75–77, 78.

  Putnam, Ann. “Waiting for the End in Hemingway’s ‘A Pursuit Race.’” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 185–94.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 121.

  Smith, pp. 180—84.

  Williams, p. 94.

  (82) The Revolutionist (“Chapter XI” from in our time: “In 1919 he was traveling on railroads in Italy”)

  (1923/Spring 1924/in our time/IOT, CS, FV)

  Capellan, p. 6.

  Cooper, pp. 26–28, 91.

  Donaldson, p. 98.

  Flora (Nick Adams), p. 213.

  Grimes, pp. 42, 45.

  Hunt, Anthony. “Another Turn for Hemingway’s ‘The Revolutionist’: Sources and Meanings.” Fitzgerald-Hemingway Annual (1977): 119–35. (Reprinted in Michael S. Reynolds, ed. Critical Essays on Ernest Hemingway’s “In Our Time.” Boston: Hall, 1983: 203–17.)

  Rao, E. Nageswara, p. 49.

  Scholes, Robert. Textual Power: Literary Theory and the Teaching of English. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1985: 41–45, 47, 50, 52, 54–57, 69.

  Smith, pp. 30–33.

  Wagner (Inventors/Masters), p. 63.

  Williams, pp. 30, 33, 38.

  (84) The Sea Change

  (1930–31/December 1931/This Quarter/WTN, CS, FV)

  Atherton, Robin. “The Sea Change’: The Pull of Moral Tides.” Linguistics in Literature 4 (1979): 71–75.

  Bennett, Warren. “That’s Not Very Polite’: Sexual Identity in Hemingway’s ‘The Sea Change.’” Hemingway’s Neglected Short Fiction. Ed. Susan F. Beegel. Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1989: 225–46.

  Brenner, pp. 12, 20, 53.

  Brian, pp. 189, 190.

  Donaldson, p. 181.

  Fleming, Robert E. “Perversion and the Writer in ‘The Sea Change.’” Studies in American Fiction 14, no. 2 (1986): 215–20.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 210, 217, 261.

  Flora (Short Fiction), p. 66.

  Gaggin, p. 97.

  Hough, Julie. “Hemingway’s The Sea Change’; An Embracing of Reality.” Odyssey: A Journal of the Humanities 2 (1978): 16–18.

  Kert, p. 251.

  Meyers (A Biography), pp. 78, 200, 346.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, pp. 44, 73, 91, 122.

  Smith, pp. 223–30.

  Williams, p. 99.

  (85) Sepi Jingan (Juvenilia)

  (1916/1916/Tabula/EHA)

  Cappel, pp. 43, 49–55, 67.

  Meyers (A Biography), p. 20.

  Rao, P. G. Rama, p. 7.

  Reynolds (Young H), p. 74.

  (86
) The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber

  (1934–36/September 1936/Cosmopolitan/CS, FV)

  Bakker, pp. 49, 56–59, 60, 61, 80, 114.

  Beck, Warren. “Mr. Spilka’s Problem: A Reply.” Modern Fiction Studies 22 (1976): 256–69.

  Beck, Warren. “The Shorter Happy Life of Mrs. Macomber: 1955.” Modern Fiction Studies 21 (1975): 363–76.

  Bender, Bert. “Margot Macomber’s Gimlet.” College Literature 8 (1981): 12–20.

  Bocaz, Sergio H. “Senecan Stoicism in Hemingway’s The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber.’” Studies in Language and Literature: The Proceedings of the Comprehensive Checklist 23rd Mountain Interstate Foreign Language Conference. Ed. Charles L. Nelson. Richmond: Eastern Kentucky University Press, 1976: 81–85.

  Brenner, p. 147.

  Brian, pp. 84–85.

  Burgess, pp. 68–70.

  Capellan, p. 97.

  Coleman, Arthur. “Francis Macomber and Sir Gawain.” American Notes and Queries 29 (1981): 70.

  Cooper, p. 66.

  Cunliffe, Marcus. “A Source for Hemingway’s Macomber?” Journal of American Studies 21 (1987): 103.

  Dietze, R. F. “Crainway and Son: Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man as Seen Through the Perspective of Twain, Crane, and Hemingway.” Delta: Revue du Centre d’Etudes 18 (April 1984): 25–46.

  Donaldson, pp. 34–35, 80–81, 135, 163, 171, 284.

  Fleming, Robert E. “When Hemingway Nodded: A Note on Firearms in ‘The Short Happy Life.’” NMAL: Notes on Modern American Literature 5 (1981): item 17.

  Flora (Nick Adams), pp. 190, 234, 252, 253, 261.

  Flora (Short Fiction), pp. 74–81.

  Fleissner, Robert F. “Hemingway’s ‘The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber.’” Explicator 41 (1983): 45–47.

  Gibson, Andrew. “Hemingway on the British.” Hemingway Review 2 (1982): 62–75.

  Giger, p. 21.

  Gladstein, pp. 62–64.

  Harkey, Joseph H. “The Africans and Francis Macomber.” Studies in Short Fiction 17 (1980): 345–48.

  Hellenga, Robert R. “Macomber Redivivus.” NMAL: Notes on Modern American Literature 3 (1979): item 10.

  Herndon, Jerry A. “’Macomber’ and the ‘Fifth Dimension.’” NMAL: Notes on Modern American Literature 5 (1981): item 24.

  Herndon, Jerry A. “No ‘Maggies’ Drawers’ for Margot Macomber.” Fitzgerald-Hemingway Annual (1975): 289–91.

  Howell, John M. “McCaslin and Macomber: From Green Hills to Big Woods.” Faulkner Journal 2 (Fall 1986): 29–36.

  Hurley, C. Harold. “Hemingway’s ‘The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber.’” Explicator 38 (1980): 9.

  Jackson, Paul R. “Point of View, Distancing, and Hemingway’s ‘Short Happy Life.’” Hemingway Notes 5 (1980): 2–16.