Hard Choices
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and settlement construction, 315–23, 327–28
Six Day War, 301, 473
and Sudan, 476
and Syria, 312, 313, 314, 417, 468
and terrorism, 303, 308, 340, 473, 483
and Turkey, 218, 314, 321–22
and two-state solution, 305–6, 307, 311, 320, 325, 338, 487
and West Bank settlements, 308–11, 317–18, 482
and Yom Kippur War, 338
Italy:
and Libya, 373–74
U.S. relationship with, 554–55
U.S. soldiers buried in, 554
Jabari, Ahmed, 477
Jackson, Lisa, 501
Jacobs, Janice, 599
Jacobson, Roberta, 599
Jahjaga, Atifete, 223
Jalil, Mustafa Abdul, 379
Jalili, Saeed, 426, 443, 444
Japan:
and Afghanistan, 153, 166
and climate change, 494
Clintons’ first visit to, 47–49
democracy in, 60, 61
economy of, 47–48, 571
Fukushima nuclear plant in, 48, 440, 533
Hillary Clinton’s town hall meetings in, 49–50
and Iran, 440
Maritime Self-Defense Force, 48
and South China Sea, 74, 75
U.S. alliance with, 44, 46, 75
“womenomics” in, 571
Jarrett, Valerie, 125
Jassim al-Thani, Hamad bin (HBJ), 457, 474, 475, 479
Jefferson, Thomas, 31
Jenkins, Bonnie, 599
Jiang Zemin, 67, 72
Jibril, Mahmoud, 363, 364, 365, 369–70, 379
Jiloty, Lauren, 599
Jo, Yerka, 600
jobs, 515–20
and developing economies, 520, 542
and energy production, 522–23
and foreign investment, 516
and international trade, 507–8, 515–17
and working conditions, 517–20
Johnson, Brock, 599
Johnson, Lady Bird, 10
Johnson Cook, Suzan, 599
Johnson Sirleaf, Ellen, 275
Joint Special Operations Command, 191
Jonathan, Goodluck, 577
Jones, Beth, 599
Jones, Don, 558
Jones, James, 23, 45, 129, 138, 148, 265, 425
Jones, Kerri-Ann, 599
Jones, Paul, 599
Jones, Stephanie Tubbs, 5
Jones, Terry, 387–88, 402
Jordan:
and energy sources, 350–51
and Israel/Palestine, 310, 322, 325–26, 350–51
and Libya, 371
reforms in, 355
and Syria, 450, 456, 461
Judeh, Nasser, 351
Juppé, Alain, 208–9, 377
Kabila, Joseph, 280–81
Kansi, Mir Aimal, 188
Kantor, Mickey, 30
Karp, Jonathan, 598
Karzai, Hamid, 16, 142–46, 147, 152–55, 160, 162
and elections, 143–45
and Taliban, 145, 153–55, 164–66
and transition, 167–69
Kato, David, 576, 583
Kayani, Ashfaq Parvez, 346
Kazakhstan, 237, 238
Keen, Ken, 530
Kelly, Declan, 599
Kelly, Ian, 599
Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier, 10
Kennedy, Jim, 5, 598
Kennedy, John F., 163–64, 534, 541
Kennedy, Laura, 599
Kennedy, Pat, 392–93, 553, 599
Kennedy, Paul, 25, 47
Kennedy, Ted, 5
Kenya:
elections in, 278
Hillary Clinton’s travel to, 276–79
LGBT in, 577
technology in, 546
U.S. embassy bombed in, 131, 383, 406
Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, 278
Kenyatta, Uhuru, 278
Kerry, John, 21, 77, 167, 466, 593
and Afghanistan, 144
and Iran, 445
and New START, 234
and Syria, 465, 467, 469
Ketchem, Fred, 414, 599
Key, John, 44
Khalifa, Sheikh Khalid bin Ahmed al, 356
Khalifa al-Thani, Sheikh Hamad bin, 474
Khama, Seretse, 277
Khamenei, Ayatollah Ali Hojatolislam, 421, 424, 443–44, 446
Khar, Hina Rabbani, 199
Khatami, Mohammad, 419
Kheradi, Irene, 598
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruholla, 417, 421
Khrushchev, Nikita, 207
Khyber Pass, 156
Kibaki, Mwai, 278
Kiir, Salva, 284, 285
Kikwete, Jakaya, 279
Kim Il-sung, 55
Kim Jong Il, 55–56
Kim Jong Un, 61
King, Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., 558–59
King, Robert, 599
Kipling, Rudyard, 103
Kirk, Ron, 276
Kissinger, Henry A., 31, 65, 69, 93, 322
Klein, Jen, 584, 600
Koh, Harold, 87, 89, 91, 99, 183, 581, 598
Kohl, Helmut, 209
Kommareddi, Madhuri, 600
Kony, Joseph, 290
Korean War, 214
Kosovo, 211, 213, 221–23, 367
Kouchner, Bernard, 208
Krishna, S. M., 441
Kurtz-Phelan, Dan, 598
Kuwait, 351
Kyoto Accord, 494, 496, 500
Kyrgyzstan, 237, 238
labor rights, 517, 518–20
LaHood, Ray, 433
Lamothe, Laurent, 542
Landler, Mark, 433
Langdon, Ross, 291
Lantos, Tom, 105, 110
Laos, 61
Larkins, Neal, 599
Latin America, 246–68
combined economy of, 254
democracies in, 254, 256, 257, 259, 264
economic growth in, 255
Energy and Climate Partnership of the Americas, 255–56
and OAS, 256–59, 262–64, 266, 542–43
“Pathways to Prosperity” in, 254
U.S. relationship with, 246–48, 251
wealth gap in, 254–55
women as leaders in, 256, 261, 571
see also specific nations
Laszczych, Joanne, 599
Lavrov, Sergey, 231, 232, 244, 577
and Asia-Pacific, 243
and Iran, 425, 426
and Libya, 371–72
and Syria, 451–52, 456–57, 458–59, 469
leadership, definition of, 583
Lebanon:
Cedar Revolution in, 331
crisis in, 333–34, 337
Hezbollah in, 312, 313, 333, 383, 418, 421, 453
and Syria, 450, 454, 456, 461
and UN, 427, 433
U.S. facilities attacked in (1983), 383, 406, 418
Lee, Euna, 54, 56
Lee, Matt, 98
Lee Myung-bak, 53, 58
Leghari, Begum Nasreen, 177
Leghari, Farooq Ahmad Khan, 177
Letterman, David, 231
Levinson, Robert, 422
Lévy, Bernard-Henri, 368, 369
Lew, Jack, 29–30, 149, 572, 598
Lewis, Reta Jo, 599
LGBT rights, 576–84
Liberia:
civil war in, 274
women activists in, 274–75
Libya, 363–81
“all necessary measures” against, 370–71, 372, 374–75, 450
and Arab League, 213, 357, 367–68, 370, 371, 376
attacks in Benghazi, 382–83, 385, 390–404, 411–14
civil war in, 355, 364–65, 366
elections in, 380, 381, 388
“fog of war” in, 385
Hillary Clinton’s travel to, 377–80
investigations into Benghazi attacks in, 385–96, 406–14
journalists in, 403
law and order needed in, 379,
388
military campaign in, 377
NATO forces in, 213–14, 370, 373–77, 450
no-drive zone in, 376, 377
no-fly zone in, 235, 357, 366–67, 370, 371, 372, 374, 377, 450, 462, 475
Qaddafi in, 357, 358, 359, 360, 363–75, 379, 460, 555
and terrorism, 365–66
transitional government in, 365, 370, 377, 379–81, 388–89, 404, 455, 460
UN embargo on, 364, 370
U.S. staff evacuated from, 368, 380
Zintan brigade in, 378–79
Lieberman, Avigdor, 308
Lincoln, Abraham, 13, 14, 566
Ling, Laura, 54, 56
Li Shuxian, 85
Lithuania, 545–46, 549
Littlefield, Elizabeth, 599
Liu Xiaobo, 63, 97
Livni, Tzipi, 306
Lobo, Porfirio, 268
Locke, Gary, 87, 91, 95, 511–12
Lomellin, Carmen, 599
Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA), 290, 467
Louis XV, King of France, 462
Love, Reggie, 2, 11
Lucas, Laura, 599
Lugar, Richard, 234
Lula da Silva, Luiz Inácio, 255, 259–60, 261, 263, 430–31, 492
Luzzatto, Tamera, 173
Lyman, Princeton, 599
Lynch, Christopher, 598
Maas, Inge, 598
Maathai, Wangari, 276
Machel, Graça, 294, 297
Machel, Samora, 294
Macmanus, Joe, 599
Madagascar, 272
Magariaf, Mohammed, 388, 395, 396, 404
Magaziner, Ira, 292
Malawi, agriculture in, 279
Malaysia:
democracy in, 60
and South China Sea, 113
strategic importance of, 46
waste management in, 501
Mali, 272
Maliki, Nouri al-, 350
Malta, law center in, 200
Mandela, Nelson, 101, 119, 123, 275, 293–98
aging and death of, 296–97
legacy of, 295, 297–98
Nobel Peace Prize to, 298
Manning, Bradley, 552
Manning, Greg, 173
Manning, Lauren, 173, 197
Mansour, Mullah Akhtar Muhammad, 154–55
Mao Zedong, 73, 207
Mardenfeld, Debbie, 173–74, 197
Marine One (helicopter), 147
Markey, Ed, 494
Marshall, Capricia, 27–28, 404, 598
Marshall, George C., 32, 536
Marshall Plan, 536
Martelly, Michel, 543, 544
Merten, Ken, 599
Marton, Kati, 139, 160–61
Marzouki, Moncef, 402
Massey, Stephen, 585
Mbeki, Thabo, 295
McAuliffe, Marisa, 600
McCain, John, 11, 77, 134, 348, 502
McCall, Dawn, 599
McCartan, Joyce, 571
McChrystal, Stanley, 133, 138
McConnell, Mitch, 104, 105, 107
McCullough, Terri, 600
McDonough, Denis, 28, 436, 466–67, 468, 530
McFaul, Mike, 243, 551–52, 598
McGovern, George, 249
McGuinness, Martin, 224, 226
McHale, Judith, 179–80, 598
McHugh, John, 134
McLean, Lori, 599
McRaven, Bill, 191, 192, 193–94, 197
Mead, Margaret, 595
Mead, Walter Russell, 122, 196
Medvedev, Dmitry, 230–36, 238, 244, 245, 425, 552
Meehan, Bernadette, 599
Mehta, Hansa, 565
Merkel, Angela, 16, 209–11, 500, 555
Merrill, Nick, 600
Merten, Ken, 529–30
Mexico:
and climate change, 501
drug cartels in, 247, 249–52
economic growth in, 255
environmental programs in, 255
financial crisis in, 247
independence of, 248–49
Mérida Initiative in, 247, 250
and Pacific Alliance, 254
trade with, 246, 510
U.S. consulates attacked in, 249–50, 384
U.S. relationship with, 248–52
Mezvinsky, Marc, 80, 81
mGive, 532
Micheletti, Roberto, 265–68
Michiko, Empress (Japan), 47, 48–49
middle class, 525–26
Middle East, 301–30
Arab-Israeli War (1948), 325
Arab Spring, 49, 121, 200, 272, 331–62, 472
and Camp David Accords, 338, 473, 484
economic decline in, 332
economic reforms in, 344
energy sources in, 350–51
Hillary Clinton’s travels to, 331, 333–37, 479–87
Islamic split in, 352
and Oslo Peace Accords, 301, 303, 305, 307
peace efforts in, 28, 31, 43, 81, 308, 310, 311–14, 315, 323–30, 333
and the Quartet, 323
and Saban Forum, 329
Six Day War, 301, 473
and transitions to democracy, 361–62
violent reactions to offensive video in, 386–88, 399–400, 401–3, 406, 412
Yom Kippur War, 338
see also specific nations
midterm elections:
(1994), 187
(2006), 136
(2010), 234
Mikulski, Barbara, 17
Miliband, David, 207, 427–28
Millennium Challenge Corporation, 537, 544
Miller, Patti, 600
Mills, Cheryl, 27, 28, 86, 87, 123, 527–28, 531–32, 535, 597
Milošević, Slobodan, 138, 141, 150, 221
Mindszenty, Cardinal József, 85, 87
Missionaries of Charity, 58
Mitchell, Derek, 109–10, 112, 118, 121, 123
Mitchell, George, 28, 29, 598
and Israel/Palestine, 313–18, 319, 322, 324, 325, 326, 329
and Northern Ireland, 225, 313–14, 326
Mobutu Sese Seko, 280
Mogadishu, Somalia, 195, 286
Mohamud, Hassan Sheikh, 289
Momeni, Esha, 422
Mongolia, U.S. relationship with, 61–64
Moran, Thomas, 600
Morningstar, Richard, 240, 598
Morocco:
reforms in, 355
street protests in, 399
Morsi, Mohamed, 347, 348, 349, 473, 475, 477–78, 482, 484–86
Mother Teresa, 58–59
Motsoaledi, Aaron, 291
Mottaki, Manouchehr, 434
Moussa, Amr, 367–68, 371
Mubarak, Gamal, 342, 343
Mubarak, Hosni, 347, 361
fall from power, 200, 329, 341, 342–46, 348, 350, 360, 363, 367, 473, 481, 487
and Israel/Palestine, 319, 323, 325, 329, 333, 340
and violent protests, 338–45
Mubarak, Suzanne, 338, 339
Mugabe, Robert, 273
Mull, Steve, 391–92, 599
Mullen, Mike, 129, 147, 148, 196, 407
Munich Security Conference, 344–45, 451
Munter, Cameron, 198
Murkowski, Lisa, 503
Muscatine, Lissa, 30, 560, 598
Museveni, Yoweri, 428, 576, 577
Musharraf, Pervez, 178, 184
Muslim Brotherhood:
and anti-U.S. protests, 347–49
and Arab Spring, 386
and Gaza, 475, 477, 481, 484–86
and Jordan, 351
and Qatar, 475
rise to power, 472–73
and transition, 341, 345, 346, 349, 477
Mutombo, Dikembe, 280
Myanmar, see Burma
Nagorno-Karabakh, 219
Nalbandian, Edward, 219–20
Napolitano, Janet, 190, 251
Nasr, Vali, 155
Nasser, Shada, 336
National Action Plan on Women, Peace and Security, 572
National Building Museum, Washington, 5–6
National Democratic Institute, 360
National Institutes of Health, 538
National Intelligence Council, 25
National Science Foundation, 538
National Security Agency (NSA), 244, 555
National Security Council, 22, 146, 190, 370, 464
NATO, 211–14, 242
and Afghanistan, 133, 140, 159, 198, 213, 422
expansion of, 212
in Kosovo, 222, 367
in Libya, 213–14, 370, 373–77, 450
and September 11 attacks, 205
and Washington Treaty, 205
Nelson, Chaniqua, 598
Netanyahu, Benjamin “Bibi,” 306–8
and elections, 306
and Gaza, 478, 481–82, 484–87
and Iran, 307, 308, 438, 441, 445
and Jerusalem, 317–18, 320, 321, 328
and peace process, 301–2, 313, 316, 319, 322, 323–29
and settlement construction, 315–16, 317–20
and two-state solution, 317
Netanyahu, Benzion, 307
Netanyahu, Yonatan, 307
Newseum, 556–57
New START (New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty), 234, 243
New York University, 89, 97, 99
New Zealand, 44
Nides, Tom, 30, 198–99, 388, 410, 598
Nigeria:
oil from, 276, 440
and resource curse, 522
and UN, 427–28
waste management in, 501
Nigerian bank scam, 547
Nixon, Richard M., and China, 65, 68, 69, 93, 121, 313
Nixon Administration, 136
Nkoana-Mashabane, Maite, 296
No Ceilings: The Full Partnership Project, 585
Norman, Adrian, 598
Northern Distribution Network, 237–39
Northern Ireland, 224–26, 326
Good Friday Agreement, 224–25, 226, 313
Hillsborough Agreement, 226
Vital Voices Conference in, 224, 571
North Korea, 53–58, 79
in Axis of Evil, 419
and Burma, 104, 107, 120
Cheonan incident, 56
and DMZ, 57
nuclear capability of, 53–55
repression in, 61
sanctions against, 55, 57, 235, 432
Norway, melting glaciers in, 501–2
Nossel, Suzanne, 33
Nuland, Toria, 347, 599
Nye, Joseph, 33
Obama, Barack, 600
and Afghanistan/Pakistan, 129–30, 132, 141, 145, 146–49, 159, 237
and Africa, 270, 288, 290, 292
and Asia-Pacific, 45, 54, 55, 56, 74, 77, 112–14, 116, 121–22, 124–25
and bin Laden operation, 170, 192, 193–94, 196–97
and climate change, 491–93, 499–500, 504–5
as Commander in Chief, 392
and counterterrorism, 190
and Europe, 206, 214, 220
and financial recession, 210
and foreign investment, 516
and foreign trade, 515
and Haiti, 530–31, 534, 538
and Holbrooke, 162
Hillary Clinton working with, 18–19, 51
and Latin America, 248, 249, 251, 253, 254, 257, 259, 262–63, 264, 265